【摘要】：隨著社會的發展，國家對人才的需求不斷提高，尤其是對高技能創新型人才的需求，這就亟需要高職院校培養一批適合社會發展、國家需求的可以服務一線的高技能型人才，使得高職學生在現代社會生產、建設、管理中發揮著越來越重要的作用。隨著《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》（2010—2020）的頒布，高職教育的發展被進一步重視，黨和國家對高職學生提出更高的要求并寄予更高期望。然而近些年，高職學生由于受整體就業環境的影響，加之學歷層次較低等自身的劣勢條件，未能充分發揮其就業競爭力，使他們的就業形勢變得更加嚴峻。因此為了改善高職學生的就業現狀，高職院校必須設法從根本上提升學生的就業競爭力，才能使高職學生順利從學校過渡到社會，，最終成為符合社會發展需求的高素質、高技能人才。本文立足于職業教育學的基本理論和管理學的勝任特征模型、系統工程理論，在前人研究成果的基礎上，通過實踐調研，嘗試總結和分析了陜西省高職院校畢業生的就業特點，并與用人單位對人才需求的標準做了對比分析，從國家、高職院校、學生自身等層面提出了增強高職學生就業競爭力的建議和對策，并重點對學校的人才培養模式進行了探討研究。 本研究主要采用了文獻研究法、問卷調查法、訪談法、比較分析法等方法。本文分為四個部分:第一部分對高職學生就業競爭力的國內外研究現狀進行了綜述；第二部分對高職學生就業競爭力的相關理論進行概述；第三部分，作者以五所高職院校畢業生和就業指導老師為調查對象，分別進行了抽樣問卷調查和訪談，在揭示了高職學生就業競爭力現狀的同時，與用人單位人才需求標準做了對比，分析總結了高職學生的就業優、劣勢；第四部分，為提高高職學生就業競爭力，作者從國家、學校、個人三個層面提出了相關建議和對策。本研究的最終目的是提高高職院校對學生就業競爭力指導的針對性和實效性，提高高職院校學生的就業競爭力，幫助高職學生科學規劃自己的職業生涯，使其順利的步入社會，成長為社會需要的有用人才，并為其職業生涯的終生發展奠定基礎。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the country's demand for talents, especially the demand for highly skilled and innovative talents, is increasing. It is urgent for higher vocational colleges to cultivate a group of highly skilled talents who are suitable for social development and can serve the first-line needs of the country. Higher vocational students are playing more and more important role in modern society production, construction and management. With the promulgation of the outline of the National medium and long term Education Reform and Development Program (2010-2020), the development of higher vocational education has been paid more attention to, and the Party and the country have put forward higher requirements and higher expectations to the students in higher vocational education. However, in recent years, due to the influence of the overall employment environment, coupled with the lower educational level and other inferior conditions, vocational students have failed to give full play to their employment competitiveness, making their employment situation more severe. Therefore, in order to improve the present employment situation of higher vocational students, higher vocational colleges must find ways to fundamentally enhance the employment competitiveness of students, in order to make vocational college students transition smoothly from school to society, and finally become the high quality that meets the needs of social development. Highly skilled personnel. Based on the basic theory of vocational education and the competency model of management science, the system engineering theory, based on the previous research results, this paper tries to summarize and analyze the employment characteristics of graduates of higher vocational colleges in Shaanxi Province through practical investigation. In addition, the author makes a comparative analysis with the standards of talent demand of employers, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to enhance the employment competitiveness of higher vocational students from the aspects of the country, higher vocational colleges, students themselves, etc. And focus on the school of talent training model to explore the research. This study mainly adopts the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, interview, comparative analysis and so on. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of vocational students' employment competitiveness, the second part summarizes the theory of vocational students' employment competitiveness. In the third part, the author takes five vocational college graduates and employment guidance teachers as the objects of investigation, carries on the sampling questionnaire survey and the interview separately, reveals the present situation of the vocational college students' employment competitiveness at the same time, Compared with the talent demand standard of the employer, this paper analyzes and summarizes the employment advantages and disadvantages of the students in higher vocational education. In the fourth part, in order to improve the competitiveness of higher vocational students' employment, the author puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures from three aspects: state, school and individual. The ultimate purpose of this study is to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of vocational colleges' guidance on students' employment competitiveness, to improve the employment competitiveness of vocational college students, to help vocational college students to plan their career scientifically, and to make them enter the society smoothly. To grow up as a useful talent needed by society, and to lay the foundation for their lifetime development.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G717.38

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