本文選題：可得然膠 + 可得然膠季銨鹽　； 參考：《江南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：可得然膠是微生物發酵的產物,其潛在的應用價值還沒有被開發和利用。為了滿足多方面的要求,可以對可得然膠進行化學改性。可得然膠季銨化可賦予其抑菌及水溶性能。將可得然膠季銨鹽與聚乙烯醇(PVA)及納米鈉基蒙脫土(Na~+MMT)復合使用可獲得性能更好的新型材料。本論文以可得然膠為原料,采用兩步反應法制備了可得然膠季銨鹽。采用冷凍-解凍-乳化交聯的方法,制備了PVA與可得然膠季銨鹽抑菌薄膜。采用插層復合方法制備納米Na~+MMT與可得然膠季銨鹽復合薄膜。為可得然膠應用在洗滌、抑菌塑料、抑菌膜、抑菌墊、食品保鮮及新型綠色生物種衣劑等領域奠定基礎。本論文的主要研究內容如下:1.在NaOH堿溶液中,通過兩步反應法,以縮水甘油基三甲基氯化銨(GTMAC)對可得然膠進行均相季銨化改性。通過核磁共振~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、全反射紅外光譜(FTIR-ATR)、X-射線衍射(XRD)、凝膠滲透色譜(GPC)、熱重(TG)和三維顯微鏡表征了可得然膠(Curdlan)和可得然膠季銨鹽(Curdlan-QAS)的結構、性能和外觀形貌。通過~1H-NMR的波譜積分面積計算Curdlan-QAS的取代度(DS)。結果表明:不同DS的Curdlan-QAS的相對分子量,分子結構及熱穩定性差別不大。同時熱重分析的結果表明:Curdlan的熱穩定性比Curdlan-QAS的好。濁度法結果表明:Curdlan-QAS的水溶液具有一定的穩定性。采用抑菌圈擴散的方法測試Curdlan-QAS的抑菌效果,結果表明:高DS的Curdlan-QAS對葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)及鐮刀菌(Fusarium)具有抑制作用,但是對大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)的抑制作用不好。同時,抑菌結果還表明:Curdlan-QAS對Fusarium的抑制作用優于Staphylococcus,對Staphylococcus的抑制作用優于Escherichia coli。2.采用反復冷凍-解凍-乳化交聯的方法制備PVA/Curdlan-QAS抑菌薄膜。并采用FTIR-ATR、TG和掃描電鏡(SEM)對PVA/Curdlan-QAS抑菌薄膜的結構和性能進行表征與分析,同時考察了不同配方下PVA/Curdlan-QAS抑菌薄膜的透水蒸氣性能和膜液的穩定性。結果表明:石蠟質量分數在0.4%~0.8%的膜液在放置7天后,仍為乳白色液體且不分層,因此,膜液具有一定的穩定性。抑菌測試結果表明:PVA/Curdlan-QAS抑菌薄膜對Staphylococcus和Fusarium均具有抑制作用,但是對Escherichia coli的抑制效果不如Staphylococcus和Fusarium。3.采用插層復合的方法制備了納米鈉基蒙脫土(Na~+MMT)與Curdlan-QAS的復合薄膜。測試了納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜的機械性能、水蒸氣透過率、熱性能、光學性能、吸水率和抑菌性能,同時通過掃描電鏡(SEM)表征了薄膜的斷面結構。熱重分析的結果表明,添加納米Na~+MMT提高了納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜的熱穩定性。機械性能測試也表明,添加納米Na~+MMT提高了納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜的拉伸應力。其中添加了2.5%Na~+MMT的納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜有著最大的拉伸應力(30.3 MPa)。添加納米Na~+MMT的含量在1%時,納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜的斷裂伸長率達到167.4%。添加納米Na~+MMT降低了納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜的透光率。同時也可以降低納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜的吸水性,當納米Na~+MMT的添加量為2.5%時,薄膜有著最低的吸水率。SEM結果表明Na~+MMT已經成功的分散到PVA和Curdlan-QAS分子基體中,三者表現出良好的相容性,形成了插層結構。抑菌結果表明:納米Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS復合薄膜對Fusarium具有明顯的抑制作用,同時抑菌效果也不會隨著納米Na~+MMT含量的增加而降低。
[Abstract]:It is a product of microbial fermentation, and its potential application value has not been developed and used. In order to meet the requirements of many aspects, it can be chemically modified. The bacteriostasis and water-soluble properties of the gum quaternary ammonium salt can be endowed with PVA and nano sodium montmorillonite (Na~+MMT). In this paper, a new material with better performance is obtained. In this paper, quaternary ammonium salt can be prepared by two step reaction method with two step reaction method. The bacteriostasis film of quaternary ammonium salt is prepared by freezing thawing and emulsifying crosslinking method. The composite thin film of nano Na~+MMT and available gel quaternary ammonium salt is prepared by intercalation compound method. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. in the NaOH alkali solution, the quaternated modification was carried out by the two step reaction method with glycidyl three methyl ammonium chloride (GTMAC). By nuclear magnetic resonance ~1H-NMR, ~ (13) C-NMR, total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X- ray diffraction (XRD), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetry (TG) and three-dimensional microscope, the structure, properties and appearance morphology of available rubber (Curdlan) and available gelatin quaternary ammonium salt (Curdlan-QAS) were characterized. The Curdlan-QAS extraction was calculated by the spectral integral area of ~1H-NMR. DS. The results show that the relative molecular weight, molecular structure and thermal stability of different DS Curdlan-QAS have little difference. At the same time, the results of thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability of Curdlan is better than that of Curdlan-QAS. The results of turbidimetric method show that the aqueous solution of Curdlan-QAS has a certain stability. The method of testing Curdlan-QAS by the diffusion of bacteriostasis circle is used. The results showed that high DS Curdlan-QAS had inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus) and Fusarium (Fusarium), but the inhibition effect on Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli) was not good. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of Curdlan-QAS on Fusarium was better than Staphylococcus, and the inhibition of Staphylococcus was inhibited. PVA/Curdlan-QAS bacteriostasis film was prepared by repeated freezing thawing and emulsifying crosslinking with Escherichia coli.2.. The structure and properties of PVA/Curdlan-QAS bacteriostasis film were characterized and analyzed by FTIR-ATR, TG and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the pervious vapor properties of PVA/Curdlan-QAS bacteriostasis film under different formulas were investigated. The stability of the membrane fluid showed that the membrane liquid of the paraffin mass fraction in 0.4%~0.8% was still milk white and not stratified after 7 days. Therefore, the membrane fluid had a certain stability. The bacteriostasis test results showed that the inhibitory effect of PVA/Curdlan-QAS bacteriostasis film on both Staphylococcus and Fusarium was inhibited, but the inhibition of Escherichia coli was inhibited. The effect is not as good as that of Staphylococcus and Fusarium.3.. The composite film of nano sodium montmorillonite (Na~+MMT) and Curdlan-QAS is prepared by intercalation composite method. The mechanical properties, water vapor transmission, thermal performance, optical properties, water absorption and bacteriostasis of nano Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS composite film are tested, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) table is also used. The thermal gravimetric analysis shows that the addition of nano Na~+MMT improves the thermal stability of the nano Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS composite film. The mechanical properties test also shows that the addition of nano Na~+MMT improves the tensile stress of the nanoscale Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS composite film. The 2.5%Na~+MMT nano Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QA is added to it. The S composite film has the maximum tensile stress (30.3 MPa). When the content of nano Na~+MMT is 1%, the elongation at break of nano Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS composite film reaches 167.4%. adding nano Na~+MMT to reduce the transmittance of nano Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS composite film, and can also reduce the absorption of nano Na~+MMT/Curdlan-QAS composite film. Water properties, when the addition of nano Na~+MMT is 2.5%, the film has the lowest water absorption.SEM results. The results show that Na~+MMT has been successfully dispersed into the PVA and Curdlan-QAS molecular matrix. The three show good compatibility and form the intercalation structure. The antibacterial results show that the nano Na~+MMT/ Curdlan-QAS composite film has obvious inhibition to Fusarium. Meanwhile, the bacteriostatic effect will not decrease with the increase of Na~+MMT content.

【學位授予單位】：江南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.2

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