盤錦市機動車污染現狀評價、預測及防治對策研究

發布時間：2017-12-28 14:36

本文關鍵詞：盤錦市機動車污染現狀評價、預測及防治對策研究　出處：《大連理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：機動車已經融入到市民的生活,但高速增加的機動車保有量,給城市帶來了能源緊張、城市擁堵、出行困難和交通事故頻發等一系列問題。尾氣更是對城市空氣環境造成了極大的破壞,影響著市民的健康,制約城市的良性發展。本論文以盤錦市為例,研究了機動車保有量的增長趨勢,通過對2012年盤錦市機動車污染物的計算及排放特點分析,闡述了盤錦市機動車污染防治現行政策和采取措施,并對國內機動車排氣污染控制存在的主要問題提出了建議。機動車尾氣中存在一氧化碳(CO)、碳氫化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)、固體懸浮顆粒物(PM)和鉛化合物等有害成分。文中對幾種危害物的主要理化性質、傷害機理以及對人體的危害方面做了說明。同時列舉了國內外機動車排氣污染危害事例,針對我國機動車尾氣排放情況進行了分析,指出全國機動車污染物排放量現狀以及機動車污染物排放量變化趨勢。通過對盤錦市環境空氣質量的分析、機動車保有量現狀和近幾年經濟發展趨勢的分析,得出機動車保有量增長趨勢預測。按《城市機動車排放空氣污染物測算方法》,以2012年盤錦市機動車污染物排放為例,通過確定排放因子及排污系數、機動車構成、年均行駛里程、年均排放系數、各種排放標準車輛數量,核算出2012年盤錦市機動車污染物排放總量,找出排放特點和規律,進而提出機動車減排的重點。敘述了盤錦市機動車污染防治現行政策和采用的標準方法、機動車尾氣檢測線現狀。提出了機動車排氣污染控制存在的主要問題與建議。問題主要有：現有的機動車排氣污染管理工作的法律法規建設滯后,現有管理體制使得從新車生產源頭控制機動車排氣污染形同虛設,機動車排氣污染控制協調機制不健全,機動車保有量高速增長使機動車減排面臨著巨大的壓力,機動車維修治理行業不能滿足需求,對機動車油品缺乏有效監督,行業監管能力建設滯后等。對策和建議是：加強機動車排氣污染防治法規建設,改變現有體制加強對新車型式核準和生產一致性檢查,全面普及簡易工況法尾氣檢測線建設,完善機動車環保檢驗與維修(I/M)制度,實施在用機動車環保標志分類管理,逐步淘汰高排放車輛和黃標車,扶持維修企業、治理維修亂象,加強對油品的監管、提高燃油質量,加強機動車污染防治監管能力建設,開發利用多種燃料的新型汽車等。
[Abstract]:Motor vehicles have been integrated into the lives of citizens, but the increasing number of motor vehicles has brought a series of problems, such as energy shortage, urban congestion, travel difficulties and frequent traffic accidents. The tail gas has caused great damage to the urban air environment, which affects the health of the citizens and restricts the healthy development of the city. This paper takes Panjin city as an example, studies the vehicle volume growth trend, through calculation and emission characteristics of 2012 Panjin motor vehicle pollutants analysis, elaborated the Panjin motor vehicle pollution control policy and measures, and puts forward some suggestions on the main problems existing in China's motor vehicle exhaust pollution control. There are harmful components such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), solid suspended particles (PM) and lead compounds in motor vehicle exhaust. The main physical and chemical properties, the damage mechanism and the harm to the human body are explained in this paper. At the same time, we give examples of vehicle exhaust pollution at home and abroad, and analyze the situation of vehicle exhaust emissions in China, and point out the current situation of vehicle emission and the trend of vehicle emission in China. Based on the analysis of the ambient air quality in Panjin, the status of motor vehicles and the trend of economic development in recent years, the prediction of the growth trend of motor vehicle ownership is obtained. According to the "City motor vehicle air pollutant emissions calculation method", the motor vehicle emissions in 2012 in Panjin city as an example, through the determination of emission factors and emission coefficient, vehicle structure, the average annual mileage, the annual emission coefficient and emission standard number of vehicles, accounting for the total emissions of pollutants in Panjin city in 2012 to find out the characteristics and laws of motor vehicle emissions, and put forward the key of the motor vehicle emission reduction. The current policy of prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution in Panjin, the standard method adopted and the current status of vehicle exhaust detection line are described. The main problems and suggestions for the control of motor vehicle exhaust pollution are put forward. The main problems are: the lagging of existing vehicle exhaust pollution management laws and regulations, the existing management system of the new production from the source control of vehicle exhaust pollution useless, motor vehicle exhaust pollution control coordination mechanism is not perfect, the amount of vehicle speed increase the motor vehicle emission reduction under huge pressure, motor vehicle maintenance management industry can not meet the demand. The lack of effective supervision of motor oil industry, regulatory capacity building lag. Countermeasures and suggestions: strengthen the construction of motor vehicle exhaust pollution prevention and control regulations, change the existing system to strengthen the new type approval and production consistency check, construction of universal exhaust BASM detection line, improve vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) system, the implementation of motor vehicles in use of environmental management, the phasing out high emission vehicles and yellow car, support, maintenance maintenance enterprise governance chaos, to strengthen supervision and improve the quality of fuel oil, strengthen motor vehicle pollution control and supervision ability construction, development and utilization of new cars of various fuel etc..
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X734.2

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