【摘要】：提高長江上游航道等級是建設長江黃金水道的重要內容,長江上游羊石盤-上白沙水道作為長江干流航道的重要組成部分,起著承上啟下的重要作用,將其航道等級從Ⅲ級提高到II級是長江黃金水道建設的重要環節。該河段中錢口石梁為中水險灘,蓮石灘魚鰍石河段為枯水淺灘,關刀磧河段為枯水急流灘,灘險類型多樣,灘險成因和邊界條件復雜,整治難度較大。因此,開展數學模型研究,以充分發揮其無縮尺效益、方案優化快速、靈敏度檢驗方便,以尋求有效、合理、經濟的航道整治方案,為設計、施工提供科學依據十分必要。本論文采用二維水流數學模型,對錢口石梁和蓮石灘灘段的水流特性及其整治措施進行了研究,主要工作內容和研究成果有:(1)基于實測資料探討工程河段河道歷史演變和近期演變規律,總結河床演變規律,分析河道演變趨勢。(2)應用錢口石梁和蓮石灘灘段實際水文測驗資料對二維水流數學模型進行了細致的驗證計算,獲取了能較好模擬該河段流場的糙率、網格密度等計算參數。(3)運用二維水流數學模型對研究河段進行了多級流量的流場計算,詳細分析了灘段的水流條件,蓮石灘魚鰍石河段是枯水急流險灘,枯水期流速較大。該灘上游的錢口石梁、磨盤石對峙江中,束窄航道,導致中枯水流速大、流態壞。(4)根據河床演變分析成果、水流數值模擬結果及實測資料,研究灘險礙航特性,探討灘險形成原因,錢口石梁是灘段邊界極不規則,礁石遍布,石梁挑流束流、深槽吸流及水流擴散等因素綜合作用,形成中水險灘。蓮石灘魚鰍石河段主要因河道沒有明顯的深槽,斷面流速沿河寬均勻分布,水流分散,流速較小,輸沙能力弱,汛期淤積在航槽內的泥沙枯水期沖刷不夠而成灘;關刀磧河段主要成因是枯水河槽淺窄。(5)結合灘險礙航特性成因、航道整治目標和整治原則,開展整治方案的系統研究。針對各灘的礙航問題,進行了單灘整治方案研究,提出了單灘整治方案,然后形成一個整體方案,并對整體方案的整治效果進行了分析研究并優化。結果表明,方案后航道尺度達到設計要求,淺灘枯水流量時的航槽內流速比方案前普遍有所增大,且不會成為急流灘,增加了枯水期航槽泥沙沖刷能力,有利于枯期航槽穩定;急灘段(蓮石灘中水及偏小流量)最大消灘判數已降至成灘臨界值以下,急灘問題基本解決;同時方案后險灘河段航槽內水流條件也得到了較為明顯的改善,水流夾角和橫流減小,對船舶通行較為有利。
[Abstract]:Improving the grade of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is an important part of the construction of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River. As an important part of the channel of the main stream of the Yangtze River, the Yangshipan-Shangbaisha waterway in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River plays an important role in connecting the above and the following. It is an important link in the construction of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River to improve its channel grade from grade III to grade II. In this reach, the Shiliang of Zhongqiankou is a dangerous beach of middle water, the section of fish and Loach of Lianshitan is a dry shoal, and the section of Guandao moraine is a dry beach. The types of beach risk are various, the causes and boundary conditions of beach risk are complex, and it is difficult to regulate. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research of mathematical model in order to give full play to its benefit without scale, the optimization of the scheme is fast and the sensitivity test is convenient, in order to find an effective, reasonable and economical waterway regulation scheme, and to provide scientific basis for design and construction. In this paper, the flow characteristics and treatment measures of Qiankou Shiliang and Lianshi beach sections are studied by using two-dimensional flow mathematical model. The main contents and research results are as follows: (1) based on the measured data, the historical evolution and recent evolution of the river course in the engineering reach are discussed, and the evolution law of the river bed is summarized. The evolution trend of river course is analyzed. (2) the mathematical model of two-dimensional flow is verified and calculated by using the actual hydrological test data of Qiankou Shiliang and Lianshitan beach sections, and the roughness which can simulate the flow field in this reach is obtained. Grid density and other calculation parameters. (3) the multi-stage flow field of the studied reach is calculated by using the two-dimensional flow mathematical model, and the flow conditions of the beach section are analyzed in detail. The velocity of flow is higher in dry season. The Qiankou stone beam and grindstone in the upper reaches of the beach confront each other in the middle of the river and narrow the channel, which leads to the high velocity and bad flow pattern of the middle and low water. (4) according to the analysis results of river bed evolution, the numerical simulation results of water flow and the measured data, the dangerous navigation characteristics of the beach are studied. The causes of beach danger are discussed. Qiankou Shiliang is a dangerous beach with irregular boundary, full of reefs, beam, deep trough suction and flow diffusion, and other factors, such as the formation of the beach dangerous beach, the formation of the beach is very irregular, the reef is full of rocks, the deep trough suction and the flow diffusion and so on. The main reason is that there is no obvious deep channel, the cross section velocity is evenly distributed along the river, the flow is scattered, the velocity is small, the sediment transport capacity is weak, and the sediment deposited in the channel in flood season is not washed enough. The main cause of Guan Dao moraine reach is that the dry river channel is shallow and narrow. (5) combined with the causes of beach dangerous navigation characteristics, channel regulation objectives and regulation principles, a systematic study on the regulation scheme is carried out. In view of the navigation hindrance problem of each beach, this paper studies the regulation scheme of the single beach, puts forward the regulation scheme of the single beach, and then forms an overall scheme, and analyzes and optimizes the regulation effect of the whole scheme. The results show that after the scheme, the channel scale meets the design requirements, and the velocity in the channel is generally larger than that before the scheme, and it will not become a rapids beach, which increases the sediment scouring capacity of the channel during the dry season and is beneficial to the stability of the channel in the dry season. The maximum beach elimination judgment of the fast beach section (Lianshi Beach) has been reduced to below the beach critical value, and the problem of the beach has been basically solved. At the same time, the flow conditions in the channel of the dangerous beach reach have also been obviously improved, and the angle and cross flow of the flow have been reduced, which is beneficial to the passage of the ship.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U617

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