本文選題：磁控埋弧焊 + 窄間隙傳感器�。� 參考：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國對電力結構及容量需求的調整,導致對高參數、大容量的電站鍋爐需求日益增大。其中鍋筒是鍋爐中最為重要的承壓部件。在現代鍋筒制造中,焊接是不可或缺的技術之一。為了獲得優良的焊接質量,較高的生產效率,較安全的作業環境,同時要減輕工人的勞動強度,需提高焊接智能化、自動化水平。而焊縫自動跟蹤是實現焊縫自動化的關鍵技術之一。本文針對電站鍋筒的自動焊接問題,開展磁控窄間隙埋弧焊跟蹤傳感器和熔寬自適應方法的研究。(1)結合磁控電弧和窄間隙埋弧焊的特點,設計一種新型的跟蹤傳感器,并闡述了設計理念和方案;針對傳統磁控電弧傳感器的勵磁電源模塊出現的波形失真、信號調節困難等問題,重新設計波形發生電路和功率放大電路,減小激磁波形失真度,增強其抗干擾能力,簡化信號調節機制,有利于后續跟蹤試驗的研究和分析。(2)建立磁控窄間隙埋弧焊跟蹤傳感器的結構仿真模型,針對導磁硅芯部件的橫截面參數進行COMSOL磁場仿真,依據電弧擺動的磁場要求,優化跟蹤傳感器的模型;針對焊接中傳感器過熱問題,設計智能水冷系統,通過試驗有效地驗證智能水冷系統的冷卻能力。(3)依據窄間隙坡口的特點,建立磁控窄間隙埋弧焊跟蹤傳感器的擺動電弧角和電弧弧長的數學模型,運用Simulink搭建其仿真模型,獲得不同坡口的電壓特征信號規律,為焊縫自動跟蹤的偏差信號提供參考依據。(4)采用二階Butterworth濾波與VMD組合濾波方法對實際電壓特征信號進行濾波處理,有效地證明該濾波能力;為識別和檢測窄間隙坡口類別,提出一種電壓轉相與均值電壓差值法組合方法;依據電壓特征信號的特點,設計以LM393為核心的定位采集電路,建立熔寬自適應焊縫跟蹤系統,達到熔寬自調節和焊縫跟蹤的要求。(5)在自行搭建的磁控窄間隙埋弧焊跟蹤系統平臺上進行焊縫跟蹤試驗,結果表明焊縫跟蹤效果良好,熔寬自適應焊縫跟蹤系統工作穩定,實時性好,焊縫熔寬調節能力較強。
[Abstract]:With the adjustment of power structure and capacity demand in China, the demand for high parameter and large capacity utility boilers is increasing day by day. The boiler drum is the most important pressure-bearing part in the boiler. Welding is one of the indispensable techniques in modern pot barrel manufacture. In order to obtain good welding quality, higher production efficiency, safer working environment and reduce the labor intensity of workers, it is necessary to improve the level of welding intelligence and automation. Automatic seam tracking is one of the key technologies to realize weld automation. In this paper, aiming at the problem of automatic welding of boiler tube in power station, a new type of tracking sensor is designed, which combines the characteristics of magnetically controlled arc welding and narrow gap submerged arc welding, and develops the research of magnetically controlled narrow gap submerged arc welding tracking sensor and the adaptive melting width method. Aiming at the problems of waveform distortion and signal adjustment in the excitation power supply module of traditional magnetron arc sensor, the waveform generating circuit and power amplifier circuit are redesigned to reduce the distortion of excitation waveform. Enhancing its anti-jamming ability, simplifying the signal regulation mechanism, which is helpful to the research and analysis of follow-up tracking test. (2) to establish the structural simulation model of magnetically controlled narrow gap submerged arc welding tracking sensor. According to the magnetic field requirement of arc swing, the model of tracking sensor is optimized, and the intelligent water-cooling system is designed to solve the problem of overheating of sensor in welding. According to the characteristics of narrow gap groove, the mathematical model of the swing arc angle and arc length of magnetically controlled narrow gap submerged arc welding tracking sensor is established, and the simulation model is built by Simulink. The law of voltage characteristic signal of different groove is obtained, which provides reference for the deviation signal of weld seam automatic tracking. (4) the method of combining second-order Butterworth filter and VMD filter is used to filter and process the actual voltage characteristic signal, which effectively proves the filtering ability. In order to identify and detect the type of narrow gap groove, a combination method of voltage phase shift and mean voltage difference method is proposed, and according to the characteristics of voltage characteristic signal, a positioning acquisition circuit with LM393 as the core is designed, and an adaptive weld tracking system is established. To meet the requirement of self-adjusting of weld width and seam tracking, the welding seam tracking test is carried out on the platform of magnetically controlled narrow gap submerged arc welding tracking system. The results show that the seam tracking effect is good, and the adaptive weld tracking system works stably. Good real-time, weld width adjustment ability.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG409;TP212

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本文編號：1918330