本文選題：無線傳感網 + 物聯網　； 參考：《西北大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線網絡是當前最熱門的技術之一,其中的無線傳感器網絡、物聯網、泛在網絡等已經開始在人類社會生活的各個方面應用,例如野外環境監測、智能家居、工業控制、災害預警等。而此類應用有很多不僅對數據的實時性存在較高要求,需要無線網絡保證一定的延遲下限,同時對魯棒性或者能耗在不同的場景下也存在不同的要求。例如,在災害預警類應用中,網絡通常工作在比較惡劣的環境中,所以協議除了要具有較好的延遲表現以外,還需要有較好的魯棒性,以保證災害發生時預警信息可以安全高效的抵達目的。本文的研究對這類低延遲的應用進行了深入分析,在野外環境監測等場景,網絡主要由使用電池供電的有源傳感器節點(以下簡稱傳感器節點)組成,主要挑戰是要兼顧延遲性能和魯棒性,在智能家居等場景中;網絡主要由從環境中獲取能量的Energy Harvesting節點(能量收集型節點)組成,主要挑戰是要兼顧延遲和能耗,本文針對以上這些挑戰進行了以下幾個方面的研究:1.提出了低延遲高魯棒性的路由協議(RDR),RDR通過獨特的路徑探測尋找延遲較短、抗逆性較強的路徑,以此降低傳輸延遲,利用周圍節點協助轉發解決不穩定鏈路,增強魯棒性,使得網絡中的節點可以在良好的網絡環境和惡劣的網絡環境中都保持較好的延遲表現,同時保證網絡中節點可以進行端到端通信,不再局限于單向數據收集。2.提出延遲可控的低能耗MAC協議(ED-MAC),將通信的發起方由發送節點轉移至接收節點,由接收節點發起通信,避免了由于競爭信道引起的碰撞問題。通過對數據包到達時間進行估算和動態調整休眠周期,減少了空閑監聽時間,以此保證了低能耗。通過對動態精準的調整收發雙方的相遇時間,保證平均等待延遲可控,從實驗的角度給出了協議的適用范圍,實現了延遲和低能耗通信。同時ED-MAC不需要進行時鐘同步。3.針對前述協議,本文使用OMNeT++平臺圍繞延遲,魯棒性,能耗等多個角度進行了大量的仿真實驗,通過理論分析和仿真實驗結合,從各個方面說明了本文所提出的協議的有效性和正確性。與現有的方法相比,本文提出的協議不僅可以滿足延遲性能的需求,同時,對于隨之而來的潛在要求也可以很好的滿足,更好的適應了延遲性能要求高的應用,增加了無線網絡的應用前景。
[Abstract]:Wireless network is one of the most popular technologies at present. Among them, wireless sensor network, Internet of things, ubiquitous network, and so on, have begun to be applied in all aspects of human social life, such as field environment monitoring, intelligent home, industrial control, etc. Disaster warning, etc. However, many of these applications not only have high requirements for real-time data, but also require wireless networks to ensure a certain delay limit, and also have different requirements for robustness or energy consumption in different scenarios. For example, in disaster warning applications, the network usually works in a bad environment, so in addition to having better delay performance, the protocol also needs better robustness. In order to ensure the disaster early warning information can reach the purpose of safety and efficiency. In the field environment monitoring and other scenarios, the network is mainly composed of battery-powered active sensor nodes (hereinafter referred to as sensor nodes). The main challenge is to balance delay performance and robustness in scenarios such as smart homes; the network consists of Energy Harvesting nodes (energy collection nodes) that derive energy from the environment, and the main challenge is to balance delay and energy consumption. This paper studies these challenges in the following ways: 1. In this paper, a routing protocol with low delay and high robustness is proposed to find the path with short delay and strong resistance through unique path detection, so as to reduce the transmission delay, to use the surrounding nodes to help forward the unstable link, and to enhance the robustness. The nodes in the network can maintain better delay performance in both the good network environment and the bad network environment. At the same time, the nodes in the network can be end-to-end communication and are no longer confined to one-way data collection. 2. A low energy consumption MAC protocol with controlled delay is proposed to transfer the initiator of the communication from the sending node to the receiving node and to initiate the communication by the receiving node so as to avoid the collision problem caused by the competing channel. By estimating the packet arrival time and dynamically adjusting the sleep cycle, the idle listening time is reduced, and the low energy consumption is ensured. By adjusting the meeting time of the two transceivers dynamically and accurately to ensure that the average waiting delay is controllable, the range of application of the protocol is given from the point of view of experiment, and the communication between delay and low energy consumption is realized. At the same time, ED-MAC does not need to synchronize the clock. 3. In view of the above protocol, this paper uses the OMNeT platform to carry out a large number of simulation experiments around delay, robustness, energy consumption and so on, and combines the theoretical analysis with simulation experiments. The validity and correctness of the proposed protocol are illustrated from various aspects. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed protocol can not only meet the requirements of delay performance, but also meet the potential requirements, and better adapt to the applications with high delay performance. The application prospect of wireless network is increased.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN915.04

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