【摘要】：是一篇論文的濃縮,是對整個文章的概括。近年來,隨著學術交流的逐漸國際化,國內學術論文也逐步要求配上英文摘要。但由于原作者對于這種跨語際轉換的不擅長,可能會出現了一些拼寫和語法錯誤。另一方面由于譯者對摘要內容的不理解,也可能會出現一些術語的誤用和文化的錯位。整個學術論文摘要的翻譯缺乏一定的理論指導。費米爾認為任何一種行為(包括翻譯)都是有目的的。有的翻譯行為目的非常明確,如土木工程論文的摘要翻譯主要目的就是進行國際上的學術交流,使原作者的研究得到廣泛的認可;有的翻譯行為目的不夠明確,但至少包括了完成人們因文化和語言障礙而受阻的交際活動。因此,翻譯行為能夠用目的論來指導。目的論由目的法則、連貫法則和忠實法則組成。目的有三種解釋:譯者的目的、譯文的目的和使用某種翻譯手段所要達到的目的。連貫法則要求譯文達到語內連貫的標準,即譯文必須讓讀者易于理解。忠實法則是指原文與譯文之間應保持語際連貫一致。本文根據目的論歸納出了土木工程摘要翻譯的原則,即規范性,可讀性和準確性。規范性主要源于目的法則。土木工程論文摘要有其自身的結構,語言和體裁特點,因此,翻譯也要遵守其規范。目的法則指出英譯的摘要要滿足特定的目的,即在內容和形式上要符合國外摘要寫作的規范;可讀性與連貫法則一致。譯文應該與接受者所處的情境連貫,這樣譯文才容易被理解和接受;準確性來源于忠實法則和目的法則。忠實法則要求譯文忠實于原文。摘要翻譯的目的主要是傳達信息,因此信息的準確性無疑是摘要最重要的原則。然而,原文本有時也會出現信息表達模糊或不清晰的情況。這時譯者要遵循目的法則,打破完全的對等翻譯,在尊重原文本信息的基礎上,選擇適當的方法,從而做到信息的準確翻譯。本論文指出土木工程摘要看似復雜,其實可以從語言的特點為突破口。本文從核心期刊中隨機選取了35篇土木工程學術論文,在翻譯原則的指導下,從詞、句子和篇章層面進行歸納,探討其翻譯策略:(1)本文提出了專業術語,一詞多義和詞的搭配的問題,提醒譯者英文摘要中用詞的選擇。(2)在句子層面上,本文解決了定語和狀語詞序的調整問題、連動式謂語翻譯的問題和摘要中四個部分(引言、方法、結果和結論)的時態和語態的選擇問題。(3)在語篇層面上,作者指出了中英文中語篇銜接的差別以及這種差別給譯者帶來的啟示。總而言之,本文以目的論為框架,制定了摘要的翻譯原則,探討了翻譯的策略。這是對目的論的一個嘗試性的運用,希望對今后木土工程論文摘要的翻譯具有一定的指導作用。
[Abstract]:Is a condensed paper, is a summary of the entire article. In recent years, with the gradual internationalization of academic exchanges, domestic academic papers also gradually require English abstracts. But because the original author is not good at this cross-lingual conversion, there may be some spelling and grammar errors. On the other hand, due to the translator's lack of understanding of the abstract, there may be misusing of some terms and cultural dislocation. The translation of abstracts of academic papers lacks some theoretical guidance. Fimmel believes that any act (including translation) is purposeful. The purpose of some translation acts is very clear, for example, the main purpose of abstract translation of civil engineering papers is to conduct international academic exchanges, so that the original author's research is widely recognized, while some translation acts are not clear enough. But at least it includes the completion of communication activities that people are hampered by cultural and linguistic barriers. Therefore, translation behavior can be guided by Skopos theory. Skopos theory consists of the law of purpose, the rule of coherence and the rule of faithfulness. There are three explanations: the purpose of the translator, the purpose of the translation and the purpose to be achieved by the use of certain means of translation. The rule of coherence requires that the target text meet the standard of intra-lingual coherence, that is, the translation must be easy for the reader to understand. The principle of faithfulness is that there should be interlingual coherence between the original text and the target text. Based on Skopos theory, this paper concludes the principles of translation of civil engineering abstracts, that is, standardization, readability and accuracy. Normative is mainly derived from the law of purpose. Abstract of civil engineering papers has its own characteristics of structure, language and genre, therefore, translation should abide by its norms. The Skopos rule points out that the abstracts in English translation should meet the specific purposes, that is, in terms of content and form, they should conform to the norms of foreign abstract writing, and readability is consistent with the rule of coherence. The translation should be consistent with the recipient's situation so that the translation is easily understood and accepted; accuracy is derived from the rules of faithfulness and the law of purpose. The law of faithfulness requires the translation to be faithful to the original. The purpose of translation is to convey information, so the accuracy of information is undoubtedly the most important principle. However, the original text can sometimes express vague or unclear information. In this case, the translator should follow the Skopos rule, break the complete equivalent translation, and choose the appropriate method on the basis of respecting the original text information, so as to achieve the accurate translation of the information. This paper points out that civil engineering abstracts seem complex, in fact, from the characteristics of language as a breakthrough. In this paper, 35 civil engineering academic papers are randomly selected from the core journals. Under the guidance of translation principles, the translation strategies are summarized at the level of words, sentences and texts. The problem of polysemy and collocation reminds the translator of the choice of words in English abstracts. (2) at the sentence level, the thesis solves the problem of the adjustment of attributive and adverbial word order, the translation of linked predicate and the four parts of the abstract. Methods, results and conclusions) the choice of tense and voice. (3) at the discourse level, the author points out the differences between Chinese and English discourse cohesion and their implications for the translator. In a word, this paper, based on Skopos theory, formulates the translation principles of abstracts and probes into translation strategies. This is a tentative application of Skopos theory and is expected to be helpful to the translation of abstracts of wood-soil engineering papers in the future.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H315.9

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本文編號：2236878