【摘要】：在供水管網系統的末梢普遍存在滯流和小流速工況,也是鐵釋放引發的“黃水”事件多發工況,其發生機理和解決措施亟待深入研究。本課題依托建設在浙江省JX市供水管網的中試實驗平臺,以不同管徑和管材的供水管道為研究對象,通過模擬滯流和小流速工況,結合傳統平板培養計數和現代化分子生物學技術來研究鐵釋放影響機理以及控制措施。主要結論如下:(1)滯流工況下供水管道內壁不同空間位置上鐵釋放變化規律與微生物群落的相互關系HDPE管道生物膜中微生物群落多樣性要高于球墨鑄鐵管,而且HDPE管道不同空間位置的微生物群落含量分布較為均勻變化不大,而球墨鑄鐵管變化較大。從IOB和SRB的數量變化可以發現管道內壁中部和下部的增加量最大,上部最小。供水管道內壁中部釋放的鐵含量最多,這與腐蝕功能細菌IOB、SRB、SOB等存在較大關系。(2)滯流工況下不同管材/管徑的管網水鐵釋放與腐蝕微生物變化規律及相關性管網水中溶解氧,余氯等水質參數不斷衰減導致水體中總鐵濃度增大,鐵氧化細菌和硫酸鹽還原菌數量隨滯流時間不斷增加。主要菌門Proteobacteria在滯流之后達到86.69%-91.36%,主要由Alphaproteobacteria、Betaproteobacteri 和Actinobacteria組成。通過相關性分析和 RDA分析發現與總鐵釋放存在較強的正相關關系的細菌群落有Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria 以及在綱水平上的數據為 Alphaproteobacteria、Betaprotebacteria 和 Bacilli,從環境因子的角度出發發現影響這些細菌群落生長的水質參數有硝酸根、亞硝酸根、TOC、COD、氨氮和溶解氧。(3)不同滲流流速管網水水質變化規律及微生物群落關聯性水質指標余氯、溶解氧和氧化還原電位隨著水流流速的增大衰減減緩,pH、濁度以及總鐵濃度增長則受到抑制,當水流流速增大到臨界流速時,這些指標則趨于穩定。IOB和SRB的數量隨滲流流速增大而減少,當流速達到一定值時其數量保持恒定。從門、綱和屬水平上分析微生物群落同樣可以發現,微生物群落結構隨流速增大而逐漸趨于穩定。累計總鐵釋放量和總鐵釋放速率在隨著流速增大至約占臨界流速的40%時達到最大閾值。(4)滯流及小流速工況下的鐵釋放控制措施建議針對滯流小流量工況下的鐵釋放問題的基礎上,建議以下措施控制鐵釋放:a)優先管道材料;b)球墨鑄鐵管滯流時間不宜超過8小時,HDPE管不宜超過8-16小時;c)有針對性的選擇消毒劑;d)優化水處理工藝加強去除氨氮、TOC等物質;e)水體處于一定程度流動可以有效減少鐵釋放。
[Abstract]:Stagflation and small velocity are common in the end of water supply network system, which is also the frequent condition of "yellow water" event caused by iron release. Its occurrence mechanism and solving measures need to be deeply studied. Based on the pilot-scale experimental platform of water supply network in JX City, Zhejiang Province, this paper takes the water supply pipeline with different pipe diameter and pipe material as the research object, and simulates the stagflation and small velocity conditions. Combined with traditional plate culture counting and modern molecular biology technology, the mechanism and control measures of iron release were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the relationship between the variation of iron release and the microbial community in different spatial positions of the inner wall of the water supply pipeline under stagflation condition is higher than that in the ductile iron cast iron pipe in the biofilm of HDPE pipeline. Moreover, the distribution of microorganism community in different space of HDPE pipeline changed little, but that of ductile iron pipe changed a lot. From the changes of IOB and SRB, it can be found that the increase in the middle and lower part of the inner wall of the pipeline is the largest and the upper part is the least. The iron content in the middle of the inner wall of the water supply pipeline is the most, which is related to the corrosion function bacteria IOB,SRB,SOB and so on. (2) the variation law of iron release and corrosion microorganism and the dissolved oxygen in the related pipe water under different pipe / pipe diameter under stagflation condition. The decay of residual chlorine and other water quality parameters led to the increase of total iron concentration, and the number of ferric oxidizing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria increased with the stagflation time. The main phylum Proteobacteria, mainly composed of Alphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteri and Actinobacteria, reached 86.69- 91.36 after stagflation. By correlation analysis and RDA analysis, it was found that the bacterial communities with strong positive correlation with total iron release were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the data at the class level were Alphaproteobacteria,Betaprotebacteria and Bacilli, from the point of view of environmental factors. The water quality parameters for bacterial community growth are nitrate, TOCCOD, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. (3) variation of water quality in pipe network with different seepage velocity and residual chlorine as a related index of microbial community. The dissolved oxygen and redox potential decrease with the increase of the flow velocity, but the increase of turbidity and total iron concentration is restrained. When the flow velocity increases to the critical flow rate, These indexes tend to be stable. IOB and SRB decrease with the increase of flow velocity, and keep constant when the flow rate reaches a certain value. It can also be found that the structure of microbial community tends to be stable with the increase of velocity of flow when we analyze the microbial community at phylum, class and genus level. The accumulative total iron release and the total iron release rate reach the maximum threshold when the velocity increases to about 40 percent of the critical flow velocity. (4) the iron release control measures under the condition of stagflation and small flow rate suggest that the iron release under the condition of stagflation and small flow rate should be targeted at the condition of stagnant flow and small flow rate. On the basis of the question, It is suggested that the following measures should be taken to control iron release: a) priority pipeline material b) ductile iron pipe should not exceed 8 hours or more than 8 hours HDPE pipe should not exceed 8-16 hours; targeted selective disinfectant d) optimized water treatment process to enhance removal of ammonia nitrogen and TOC The release of iron can be effectively reduced when the water is flowing to a certain extent.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU991.36

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