本文選題：生鮮食品 + 冷鏈物流　； 參考：《天津商業大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國經濟的快速發展使得居民的生活水平得到了極大的提高,居民的飲食結構也變得越來越多樣化,此時,居民對生鮮食品的需求不斷增加。但是,生鮮食品時效性強、保質期短等性質加大了生鮮食品存儲、運輸的難度,一般的常溫物流很難滿足生鮮食品配送的條件,這種情況下冷鏈物流應運而生。冷鏈物流泛指冷藏冷凍類食品在生產、貯藏、運輸、銷售,到消費前的各個環節中始終處于規定的低溫環境下,以保證食品質量,減少食品損耗的一項系統工程。與發達國家相比,我國的冷鏈物流行業仍然處于起步期,冷鏈技術尚不完善,缺乏相應的專業型人才,這些都限制了我國冷鏈物流行業的發展。冷鏈物流企業也逐漸認識到配送過程中的車輛路徑規劃問題在配送過程中極為重要,不僅關系到成本問題、生鮮食品的質量,還將直接影響到客戶對配送服務的滿意程度。本文主要研究生鮮食品冷鏈物流中的路徑問題,在對冷鏈物流的概念、特點進行了研究分析的基礎上,分析了我國的冷鏈物流產業。之后對車輛路徑問題從其定義、分類及解決方法三個方面進行了研究。第三部分從運籌學的角度出發,分析了生鮮食品冷鏈物流配送過程中所產生的運輸成本、損失成本與能源消耗成本,之后結合現實情況確定了模型中的六個約束條件,并建立了以總的經濟成本最小化為目標函數的數學模型。由于車輛路徑問題屬于NP難題,并不能通過有效算法得到其精確解,本文的第四部分介紹了解決該問題的一種啟發式算法——蟻群算法,該算法通過對螞蟻群從洞穴出發尋找食物過程的模擬,來實現對最優路徑的搜索,并就如何利用蟻群算法實現路徑優化的步驟進行了研究。之后,本文選取了一個實例——特易得供應鏈管理公司,利用該公司某日的實際配送數據對其進行了生鮮食品冷鏈物流配送的路徑優化研究,通過利用MATLAB軟件編程,得到了最優的配送方案,并與該公司的實際配送路線進行了成本之間的對比,證明了本模型在成本優化方面的可行性、有效性。最后,針對中國冷鏈物流產業的特點及我國冷鏈產業在發展方面的問題,提出了加強配送成本控制、增強應對突發事件的能力、加強冷鏈產業的信息化建設、完善冷鏈物流產業鏈以及完善冷鏈物流產業相關的政策法規與監督等五個方面的對策與措施,以提高配送效率,減少生鮮食品配送過程中的損耗,降低配送成本、保障冷鏈物流企業的效益,推進我國冷鏈物流產業的發展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the living standard of residents has been greatly improved, and the residents' dietary structure has become more and more diversified. At this time, the demand for fresh food is increasing. However, the quality of fresh food is strong and the shelf life is short, which has increased the storage of fresh food, the difficulty of transportation, and the general logistics of normal temperature. It is difficult to meet the conditions of fresh food distribution. In this case, cold chain logistics emerges as the times require. Cold chain logistics refers to a systematic project to ensure the quality of food and reduce the loss of food in all links of production, storage, transportation, sales and consumption before consumption. The cold chain logistics industry in our country is still in the beginning period, the cold chain technology is not perfect and the professional talents are lacking. All these restrict the development of the cold chain logistics industry in our country. The cold chain logistics enterprises have gradually realized that the vehicle routing problem in the distribution process is important for the distribution of Cheng Zhongji, which is not only related to the cost problem, but also to the cost problem. The quality of fresh food will also directly affect the satisfaction of the customer to the distribution service. This paper mainly studies the path problem in the cold chain logistics of fresh food. On the basis of the research and analysis of the concept and characteristics of cold chain logistics, the cold chain logistics industry in China is analyzed, and the vehicle routing problem is defined, classified and solved. The third part studies the three aspects. From the perspective of operational research, the transportation cost, the cost of loss and the cost of energy consumption in the process of fresh food cold chain logistics distribution are analyzed, and then six constraints in the model are determined according to the reality, and the target letter is set up with the total economic cost minimization. As the vehicle routing problem belongs to the NP problem, it can not get the exact solution by the effective algorithm. The fourth part of this paper introduces a heuristic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, to solve the problem. The algorithm can search the optimal path by the simulation of the ant group from the cave to find the food process. The steps of how to implement the path optimization by ant colony algorithm are studied. After that, this paper selects an example, the supply chain management company, which uses the actual distribution data of the company to optimize the cold chain logistics distribution path of fresh food. Through the MATLAB software programming, it gets the best. The distribution scheme is compared with the cost of the actual distribution line of the company, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of this model in the cost optimization. Finally, in view of the characteristics of the cold chain logistics industry in China and the problems in the development of the cold chain industry in China, this paper proposes to strengthen the control of distribution cost and enhance the ability to deal with emergencies. To strengthen the information construction of cold chain industry, improve the cold chain logistics industry chain and improve the cold chain logistics industry related policies and regulations and supervision and other five countermeasures and measures, in order to improve the efficiency of distribution, reduce the loss in the process of fresh food distribution, reduce the cost of distribution, ensure the efficiency of cold chain logistics enterprises, and promote the cold chain of our country The development of the logistics industry.
【學位授予單位】：天津商業大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.6

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