【摘要】：健康穩定的土地生態功能是維系經濟安全、社會穩定的關鍵,它不僅關系到國家的政治、經濟、國防以及人民的生存安全,同時也關系到一個區域整體生態環境的可持續發展。河南是我國的農業大省,近年來因其經濟的快速發展,使得土地生態安全存在的問題日益突出。解決土地面臨生態安全問題,遏制生態環境惡化,合理有效利用資源,已經成為世界各地備受關注和亟需解決的重大問題。 本文以河南18市為研究單元,依據生態學、生態安全、可持續發展、系統學、生態系統健康等理論,運用DPSIR模型構建土地生態安全評價指標體系,利用綜合指數模型測算各地市2006、2008、2011年的土地生態安全狀況。通過對比分析十八市土地生態安全水平的變化情況,結合城市土地生態安全空間格局分析、主成分分析以及協調性分析的結果,針對性的提出十八個市土地生態安全存在的問題及調控措施。研究的主要內容和成果如下： (1)各市土地生態安全評價指標體系構建。基于對土地生態安全概念、指標構建原則充分理解的基礎上,運用D-P-S-I-R模型構建包含驅動力、壓力、狀態、影響、響應5大系統共24個指標評價指標體系。該指標體系包含目標層、準則層和指標層。目標層為土地生態安全綜合值,準則層為制約河南省土地生態安全的主要因素,指標層則由可直接度量或者間接獲得的指標構成,是河南綜合評價指標體系中最基本的指標。 (2)河南省土地生態安全評價研究。利用綜合指數模型計算18個市土地生態安全綜合值,將土地生態安全等級分為5個等別。結果表明：整體上看全省2011年相較2006年土地生態安全狀況有較大改善。2006年各市土地生態安全綜合值在0.65范圍內上下波動,其中鄭州、信陽、許昌的土地生態安全水平處于良好級,約占河南省土地總面積的18.97%。2008年各市土地生態安全綜合值在0.70范圍內上下波動,其中開封、信陽、新鄉、焦作、許昌的土地生態安全水平處于良好級,約占河南省土地總面積的32.83%。2011年各市土地生態安全綜合值在0.70范圍內上下波動只有洛陽、南陽、商丘、濟源的土地生態安全等級處于敏感級,其它市處于良好級,約占河南省土地總面積的67.19%。 (3)河南各市土地生態安全對策研究。對河南18個城市土地生態安全影響因子分析、主成分分析、協調性分析。協調性分析的結果表明土地生態安全水平與協調度系數值有一定的相關性,洛陽、新鄉、南陽、信陽、周口市的協調度系數值這三年一直處于下降的態勢,預示著將來土地生態安全可能出現惡化的態勢,這對指導區域土地生態安全調控具有一定的預測、預警作用。針對各市土地生態安全狀況提出了合理化的建議和對策,如加快調整城市工業布局和產業結構,提高河南省各城市的城市化水平,控制人口增長,減少環境污染,控制工業三廢和減少農藥化肥的施用量,建立土地生態安全監測評價及預警體系、加強生態安全管理。 河南土地生態安全的評價及研究不僅關系到國家戰略安全,同時也關系到中原地區的興衰,本研究有助于人們深入了解土地生態安全現狀及困境,為河南省優化土地利用結構、建設生態安全格局、協調土地生態安全和經濟發展關系具有重要的理論價值和現實指導意義。同時,土地生態安全評價是設計土地利用優化方案、建設生態安全格局,解決生態安全存在問題的前提和基礎。
[Abstract]:The healthy and stable ecological function of land is the key to maintaining economic security and social stability. It is not only related to the country's political, economic, national defense and the people's survival safety, but also related to the sustainable development of a regional overall ecological environment. Henan is a big agricultural province in China. In recent years, due to its rapid economic development, land has been made to land. The problem of ecological security is becoming more and more serious. To solve the problem of ecological security, to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment and to use the resources reasonably and effectively has become a major issue of concern and urgent need to be solved in all parts of the world.
Based on the theory of ecology, ecological security, sustainable development, systematics and ecosystem health, this paper uses the 18 cities in Henan as the research unit, constructs the evaluation index system of land ecological security by using the DPSIR model, and uses the comprehensive index model to calculate the soil ecological security status of 200620082011 years in all cities and cities. By comparing and analyzing the eighteen city land students. The changes in the level of state security, combined with the analysis of the spatial pattern of urban land ecological security, the analysis of principal components and the results of coordination analysis, put forward the problems and control measures of the ecological security of the eighteen cities. The main contents and results of the study are as follows:
(1) construction of the evaluation index system of urban land ecological security. Based on the full understanding of the concept of land ecological security and the principle of index construction, the D-P-S-I-R model is used to construct the 24 index system including the driving force, pressure, state and influence. The index system includes the target layer, the standard layer and the index layer. The standard layer is the comprehensive value of ecological security of land. The standard layer is the main factor restricting the ecological safety of land in Henan province. The index layer is made up of the indexes which can be directly measured or indirectly obtained. It is the most basic index in the comprehensive evaluation index system of Henan.
(2) the land ecological security evaluation study in Henan province. The comprehensive index model is used to calculate the comprehensive value of land ecological security in 18 cities, and the ecological safety grade of land is divided into 5 equal differences. The results show that the whole province in 2011 compared with 2006 land ecological security situation has greatly improved the comprehensive value of land ecological security in the 0.65 range of the cities in.2006 years. The land ecological security level in Zhengzhou, Xinyang and Xuchang is in good grade. The comprehensive value of land ecological security in all cities of Henan province in 18.97%.2008 year is fluctuating in the 0.70 range. The ecological security level of Kaifeng, Xinyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo and Xuchang is in good grade, which accounts for the land of Henan province. In the total area of 32.83%.2011, the comprehensive land ecological security value of all cities in the 0.70 range fluctuated in the 0.70 range. Only Luoyang, Nanyang, Shangqiu and Jiyuan were in the sensitive grade of land ecological security level, and the other cities were in good grade, accounting for 67.19%. of the total land area of Henan Province.
(3) research on the Countermeasures of land ecological security in Henan. Analysis of the factors of land ecological security in 18 cities of Henan, principal component analysis and coordination analysis. The results of coordination analysis show that the level of land ecological security is related to the coordination degree, and the coordination degree of Luoyang, Xinxiang, Nanyang, Xinyang and Zhoukou in three years It has been in a downward trend, indicating that the ecological security of land may be deteriorated in the future, which has a certain prediction and early warning effect on the regulation of land ecological security in the region. Some suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to improve the urban industrial layout and industrial structure and improve the river. The urbanization level of various cities in southern province, control population growth, reduce environmental pollution, control industrial three wastes and reduce the application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, establish land ecological safety monitoring and evaluation and early warning system, and strengthen the management of ecological security.
The evaluation and study of land ecological security in Henan not only relates to the national strategic security, but also to the rise and fall of the Central Plains. This study will help people to understand the status and difficulties of the ecological security of land, to optimize the structure of land use in Henan, to build an ecological security pattern, to coordinate the relationship between land ecological security and economic development. At the same time, the evaluation of land ecological security is the prerequisite and foundation for the design of land use optimization, the construction of ecological security pattern, and the solution of the problems of ecological security.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X826;F301

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