【摘要】：隨著城市電網(wǎng)電纜化率的不斷提高，電纜故障已成為影響供電可靠性的重要因素，并呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)。配電電纜隱蔽缺陷是其發(fā)生故障的前奏，而配電電纜缺陷通常表現(xiàn)為絕緣損壞，局部放電和溫度異常是絕緣損壞的常見(jiàn)征兆和表象，二者既相對(duì)獨(dú)立有具有一定的聯(lián)系，局部放電會(huì)導(dǎo)致線芯及絕緣層溫度異常；長(zhǎng)期溫度異常也會(huì)絕緣老化而發(fā)生誘發(fā)局部放電。 由于電纜多敷設(shè)與地下，通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的巡視難以發(fā)現(xiàn)其局部放電及過(guò)熱的隱蔽缺陷，從而導(dǎo)致電纜故障率居高不下。現(xiàn)有的檢測(cè)電纜絕緣的方法多為耐壓試驗(yàn)或者震蕩波試驗(yàn)，但都需要停電，而且需要大量人力物力。對(duì)配電電纜進(jìn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)的目的在于及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)隱蔽缺陷，以便運(yùn)行維護(hù)人員在缺陷處于萌芽狀態(tài)時(shí)，就能夠及早將其消除，從而避免停電等事故的發(fā)生。由于傳統(tǒng)的巡視檢查難以發(fā)現(xiàn)局部放電以及溫度過(guò)高等隱蔽缺陷，致使缺陷逐步惡化，最終導(dǎo)致線路故障甚至同溝電纜起火等事故。狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)可以通過(guò)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)手段將這些隱蔽缺陷傳送到后臺(tái)，并發(fā)出警告信號(hào)，維護(hù)人員無(wú)需到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)就可以掌握設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀況，大大提高了缺陷處置效率，節(jié)省人力，降低故障率及運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。 本文對(duì)配電電纜的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)做了很多研究，通過(guò)將交聯(lián)聚乙烯電力電纜局部放電和溫度異常的發(fā)生發(fā)展機(jī)理的研究，建立了與典型電纜絕緣缺陷類型對(duì)應(yīng)的局部放電信號(hào)及溫度特征庫(kù)，并開(kāi)發(fā)了基于計(jì)算機(jī)、集合多種識(shí)別算法的監(jiān)測(cè)診斷系統(tǒng)。該診斷系統(tǒng)能通過(guò)采集局部放電信號(hào)及溫度值進(jìn)行缺陷辨別，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在不停電狀態(tài)下對(duì)電纜絕緣狀態(tài)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)，可以避免絕緣檢測(cè)造成的停電，減少人力物力成本。本文結(jié)合超高壓電纜狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)研究成果，從配電電纜局放監(jiān)測(cè)和溫度監(jiān)測(cè)兩個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述配電電纜在線監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)中的研究成果，在局部放電信號(hào)特征分析、早期絕緣老化和溫度監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)局部放電信號(hào)識(shí)別技術(shù)和溫度監(jiān)測(cè)相結(jié)合的技術(shù)突破。為公司搭建配電電纜狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of cable conversion rate in urban power network, cable faults have become an important factor affecting the reliability of power supply, and the trend is on the rise. The hidden defect of distribution cable is the prelude to its failure, while the defect of distribution cable is usually shown as insulation damage, partial discharge and temperature anomaly are common signs and appearances of insulation damage, both of which are relatively independent and have certain relationship. Partial discharge will lead to abnormal temperature of wire core and insulation layer. Long-term temperature anomalies will also cause insulation aging and induce partial discharge. Due to the cable laying and underground, it is difficult to find the hidden defects of partial discharge and overheating through the traditional inspection, which leads to the high failure rate of cable. Most of the existing methods for detecting cable insulation are voltage withstand test or shock wave test, but they all need power outages and a great deal of manpower and material resources. The purpose of monitoring the state of distribution cable is to find hidden defects in time, so that the operators can eliminate the defects as soon as they are in the bud, thus avoiding the occurrence of accidents such as power outages. Because it is difficult to find hidden defects such as partial discharge (PD) and excessive temperature in traditional inspection, the defects worsen gradually, and eventually lead to line failure or even accidents such as cable fire in the same ditch. State monitoring can transmit these hidden defects to the background by advanced technical means, and issue warning signals. Maintainers can master the operation status of the equipment without having to arrive at the scene, which greatly improves the efficiency of handling defects and saves manpower. Reduce failure rate and operating cost. In this paper, a lot of research has been done on the condition monitoring technology of distribution cable, and the mechanism of occurrence and development of partial discharge and temperature anomaly of XLPE power cable has been studied. The partial discharge signal and temperature signature database corresponding to typical cable insulation defect types are established and a monitoring and diagnosis system based on computer is developed. The diagnosis system can detect defects by collecting partial discharge signals and temperature values, and can realize real-time monitoring of cable insulation state without power failure. It can avoid blackout caused by insulation detection and reduce manpower and material cost. Combined with the research results of the condition monitoring of EHV cables, this paper expounds the research achievements in the on-line monitoring technology of distribution cables from two aspects of partial discharge monitoring and temperature monitoring, and analyzes the characteristics of partial discharge signals. Based on the innovation of early insulation aging and temperature monitoring technology, the technology breakthrough of partial discharge signal recognition and temperature monitoring is realized. It provides a theoretical basis for the company to build the distribution cable condition monitoring system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM75

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