本文選題：馬克思 + 創新思想　； 參考：《東北大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：馬克思創新思想內涵豐富,寓意深刻。19世紀科技革命推動生產力迅速提高,資本主義制度的確立和發展及其基本矛盾的凸顯,文藝復興運動對人自由創造精神的彰顯為馬克思創新思想的形成提供了必要的社會條件；自然科學的快速發展,德國古典哲學及資產階級古典經濟學中與創新相關的理論是馬克思創新思想形成的思想基礎。馬克思創新思想蘊含于《黑格爾法哲學批判》、《1844年經濟學哲學手稿》、《哲學的貧困》、《共產黨宣言》、《資本論》等著作中,經歷了萌芽、發展和系統呈現的歷史發展過程。 馬克思創新思想包括科技創新、制度創新、理論創新和文化創新等內容。馬克思用“科學生產力”、“新機器”和“技術變革”等詞語表達了具有現代意義的科技創新思想。科技創新包括科學原理轉化為新的生產方法和新機器提高生產效率,應用新原材料、生產新產品和開拓新市場等手段提高企業經濟收益,以及新技術的體系化和社會化等；馬克思通過對資本主義企業制度變遷,資本主義信用制度、股份制度等分析和考察表達了其企業制度創新思想,通過對人類社會形態變遷的分析和考察,表達了其社會制度創新思想。企業制度創新是較高生產效率的制度形式代替較低生產效率的制度形式的過程,是資本家擴大剝削獲得更多利益的手段,社會制度創新是新的更有利于生產力、社會和人的全面自由發展的社會制度代替舊的社會制度的過程；馬克思在其唯物辯證法和歷史唯物主義理論中表達了具有現代意義的理論創新思想。理論創新是對舊理論的批判和繼承,結合歷史和實踐發展的新情況形成新的理論總結,具有能夠指導實踐、經受實踐檢驗和真理性特征；馬克思在其精神生產及文化交往理論中表達了具有現代意義的文化創新思想。文化創新與社會物質生產發展是辯證統一的,社會物質生產決定文化創新,文化創新反作用于社會物質生產,影響或推動其發展,文化創新還具有自為發展特征,馬克思主張發揚民族傳統文化、吸收和借鑒外來文化合理成分、保持世界文化多樣性,以文化創新影響和推動人類社會的全面發展。馬克思創新思想是全面系統的邏輯體系,唯物辯證法和歷史唯物主義是其哲學基礎,具有鮮明的系統性、實踐性和批判性特征。 馬克思創新思想對熊彼特和諾斯關于創新主體、創新動力和創新發展等創新理論產生了重要影響。毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民和胡錦濤在繼承馬克思創新思想的基礎上結合中國具體革命和實踐形成了中國化馬克思創新思想體系,包括創新發展基礎論、持續發展動力論、民族發展靈魂論和科學發展戰略論等,具有鮮明的繼承性、時代性、實踐性、開放性和前瞻性特征。
[Abstract]:Marx's innovation thought has rich connotation and profound implication. The revolution of science and technology in the 19th century promoted the rapid improvement of productive forces, and the establishment and development of capitalist system and its basic contradictions became prominent. The Renaissance's display of the spirit of man's free creation provided the necessary social conditions for the formation of Marx's innovative ideas, and the rapid development of natural science, The theory related to innovation in German classical philosophy and bourgeois classical economics is the ideological foundation of Marx's innovation thought formation. Marx's innovative thought is contained in his works such as criticism of Hegel's philosophy of Law, manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844, Poverty of philosophy, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Capital, and so on. Marx's innovative ideas include scientific and technological innovation, institutional innovation, theoretical innovation and cultural innovation. Marx expressed the scientific and technological innovation thought with the words of "scientific productivity", "new machine" and "technological change". Scientific and technological innovation includes the transformation of scientific principles into new production methods and new machines to improve production efficiency, the application of new raw materials, the production of new products and the development of new markets to improve the economic benefits of enterprises, as well as the systematization and socialization of new technologies. Marx expressed his idea of innovation of enterprise system by analyzing and investigating the changes of capitalist enterprise system, capitalist credit system and stock system, and through the analysis and investigation of the changes of human social formation, Expressed its social system innovation thought. The innovation of enterprise system is the process of replacing the system form of lower production efficiency with higher production efficiency, and is the means for capitalists to expand exploitation to gain more benefits, and the innovation of social system is new and more favorable to productive forces. The process of replacing the old social system with the social system of all-round and free development of society and man, and Marx's theory of theoretical innovation with modern significance expressed in his materialist dialectics and historical materialism theory. Theoretical innovation is the criticism and inheritance of the old theory, combining with the new situation of historical and practical development to form a new theoretical summary, which has the characteristics of guiding practice, being tested by practice and truth. Marx expressed his cultural innovation thought with modern significance in his theory of spiritual production and cultural communication. The cultural innovation and the social material production development are dialectical unity, the social material production decides the cultural innovation, the cultural innovation counteracts to the social material production, influences or impels its development, the cultural innovation also has the own development characteristic. Marx advocated carrying forward the traditional national culture, absorbing and drawing lessons from the reasonable elements of foreign culture, maintaining the diversity of world culture, and influencing and promoting the all-round development of human society with cultural innovation. Marx's idea of innovation is a comprehensive and systematic logical system, and materialist dialectics and historical materialism are its philosophical basis, with distinct systematic, practical and critical characteristics. Marx's innovation thought has an important influence on Schumpeter and North's innovation theory about innovation subject, innovation motive force and innovation development. On the basis of inheriting Marx's innovation thought, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao have formed a Chinese Marxist innovation thought system, which includes the basic theory of innovation and development, the theory of motive force of sustainable development, and the concrete revolution and practice of China. The soul theory of national development and the theory of scientific development strategy have distinct characteristics of inheritance, times, practice, openness and foresight.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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本文編號：1884636