本文關(guān)鍵詞：貴州省生態(tài)移民就業(yè)適應(yīng)性研究　出處：《貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：中國作為綜合國力較強的發(fā)展中國家,努力縮小貧富差距是我國長期面臨需要攻克的艱巨任務(wù)。貴州省作為全國西部貧困地區(qū)之一,貧困人口數(shù)量、范圍、程度非常大,“十三五”時期在國家實施精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧的政策支持下,實現(xiàn)全部脫貧攻堅、同步小康、確保移民有業(yè)可就、穩(wěn)定脫貧任務(wù)極其艱巨。雖然貴州省從2012年就開始實施扶貧生態(tài)移民工程,將扶貧與保護生態(tài)環(huán)境結(jié)合,對于遷出地的生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復(fù)效果明顯,但對于生態(tài)移民后續(xù)發(fā)展、工程可持續(xù)推進方面研究還不夠深入。反映這些問題的本質(zhì)是生態(tài)移民的就業(yè)狀況,因為就業(yè)穩(wěn)定是維持社會發(fā)展和人民生活穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵因素,而就業(yè)適應(yīng)性是判斷就業(yè)是否穩(wěn)定的重要依據(jù),即就業(yè)適應(yīng)性良好能促進穩(wěn)定就業(yè),反之則相反。故本文以貴州省生態(tài)移民的就業(yè)適應(yīng)性為研究對象,采用理論與實證分析結(jié)合的方法對生態(tài)移民的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀、就業(yè)適應(yīng)性狀況及影響就業(yè)適應(yīng)性的因素進行研究,最后為提高生態(tài)移民就業(yè)適應(yīng)性提出政策建議。本文實證研究的數(shù)據(jù)來源于2015年5月貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)關(guān)于貴州省扶貧生態(tài)移民工程實施效果的評估調(diào)查,調(diào)查對象為涉及全省9個市(州)縣抽樣樣本的已搬遷生態(tài)移民,統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示:389份有效問卷中有91.8%是自愿搬遷生態(tài)移民,有17.5%搬遷后無就業(yè),且在321人已就業(yè)的生態(tài)移民中有69.8%對就業(yè)適應(yīng)。在整理調(diào)查問卷的基礎(chǔ)上,本文利用相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行模型分析,作出的相關(guān)成果有:(1)關(guān)于生態(tài)移民的就業(yè)適應(yīng)性狀況,本文從個人特征、家庭特征、政策福利、就業(yè)環(huán)境四個方面分別進行交叉分析,結(jié)果顯示:性別、文化程度、從事職業(yè)、2014年人均純收入、生產(chǎn)條件等19個變量與就業(yè)適應(yīng)性具有顯著相關(guān)性,說明這些因素的不同會造成生態(tài)移民就業(yè)適應(yīng)性狀態(tài)的變化。(2)在交叉分析的基礎(chǔ)上,運用logistic模型分別進行單因素和多因素的回歸分析,最后綜合得出有9個因素對就業(yè)適應(yīng)性有顯著影響。其中5個因素(從事職業(yè)、2014年人均純收入、土地政策、居住條件、生產(chǎn)條件)在0.05水平下顯著,4個因素(文化程度、惠農(nóng)補貼、農(nóng)村居民最低生活保障、新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險)在0.1水平下顯著。(3)根據(jù)貴州省實際情況并結(jié)合實證分析結(jié)果,分別從移民、社會及政府三個角度對提高生態(tài)移民就業(yè)適應(yīng)性提出政策建議,即:移民自身需要提高文化素養(yǎng)、學(xué)習(xí)實際有用的專業(yè)技能,并且能夠利用獨特的少數(shù)民族文化優(yōu)勢發(fā)揮就業(yè)潛能;完善生態(tài)移民各項社會福利體系,發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè)促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展;政府應(yīng)設(shè)立專項就業(yè)基金,并為生態(tài)移民提供就業(yè)扶持與相關(guān)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)等。
[Abstract]:As a developing country with strong comprehensive national strength, China is faced with the arduous task of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor for a long time. Guizhou Province, as one of the poverty-stricken areas in the western part of the country, has a large number and scope of poor people. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, with the support of the government's policy of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty relief, we can achieve all poverty relief and tackle the key problems, synchronize with a well-off society, and ensure that immigrants have a job to do. Although Guizhou Province began to implement the poverty alleviation ecological migration project in 2012, the combination of poverty alleviation and ecological environment protection has obvious effect on ecological environment restoration. However, for the subsequent development of ecological migration, the research on the sustainable development of engineering is not deep enough, which reflects that the nature of these problems is the employment status of ecological migrants. Because the employment stability is the key factor to maintain the social development and the people's life stability, and the employment adaptability is the important basis to judge whether the employment is stable, that is, the good employment adaptability can promote the stable employment. On the contrary, this paper takes the employment adaptability of ecological immigrants in Guizhou Province as the research object, and uses the method of combining theory and empirical analysis to study the employment status of ecological migrants. The employment adaptability and the factors influencing the employment adaptability were studied. Finally, to improve the employment adaptability of ecological migrants put forward policy recommendations. This empirical study data from May 2015 Guizhou University of Finance and Economics on the implementation of poverty alleviation ecological migration project evaluation survey. The subjects of the survey were the relocated ecological migrants who were sampled from 9 cities and counties of the province. The results showed that 91.8% of the 91.8% valid questionnaires were voluntary relocation ecological migrants. There are 17.5% workers who have no employment after relocation, and 69.8% of them are employed. Based on the questionnaire, this paper uses the relevant data to analyze the model. The related results are as follows: (1) on the employment adaptability of ecological migrants, this paper makes a cross-analysis from four aspects: personal characteristics, family characteristics, policy and welfare, and employment environment. The results show that: gender. In 2014, 19 variables, such as education, occupation, per capita net income and production conditions, were significantly correlated with employment adaptability. It shows that the difference of these factors will result in the change of employment adaptability of ecological migrants. (2) on the basis of cross-analysis, the regression analysis of single factor and multi-factor is carried out by using logistic model. Finally, it is concluded that there are 9 factors which have significant influence on employment adaptability. Among them, 5 factors (occupation, per capita net income in 2014, land policy, living conditions). Production conditions were significant at 0.05 level, 4 factors (education level, agricultural subsidies, rural residents' minimum living security). According to the actual situation of Guizhou Province and the empirical analysis results, the new rural social old-age insurance is significant at 0.1 level. Social and government three angles to improve the adaptability of ecological migration employment policy recommendations, namely: immigrants themselves need to improve cultural literacy, learning practical useful professional skills. And can utilize the unique minority culture superiority to exert the employment potential; Perfecting the social welfare system of ecological immigrants and developing characteristic industries to promote economic development; The government should set up special employment fund and provide employment support and relevant employment training for ecological immigrants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.27;D632.4

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