【摘要】：作為地下結構工程中的隧道結構，由于它自身所處的環境非常復雜，受許多因素的影響，這些因素包括：地質條件、水文條件、設計和施工等，使得建設完工后的隧道在運營期間不可避免地出現了許多病害，這些病害情況威脅著隧道結構的支撐性和安全性，本文以盤道嶺隧道的兩大病害襯砌滲漏水和襯砌裂縫著手，主要做了以下研究工作： (1)從目前隧道病害的現狀出發，總結了襯砌滲漏水、襯砌裂縫的類型，以及對隧道結構造成的危害，又進一步分析了襯砌滲漏水和裂縫形成原因。 (2)由于盤道嶺隧道有大量地下水的存在，而地下水礦化度高，水中化學離子含量變化異常，所以在盤道嶺隧道洞內的9處典型的、較為嚴重的漏水點進行水化學分析，9個測點水化學分析的結果為5種類型，并且與1990年施工階段的相同樁號處的離子種類、含量和礦化度進行對比，發現地下水中的離子含量平均而言，基本處于同一量級，變化不大。但是對9個樁號測點主要離子和礦化度等參數進行了歸一化，發現地下水中HCO3-和SO42-具有很強的變化性，HCO3-和SO42-分別是襯砌侵蝕中硫酸鹽侵蝕和溶出性侵蝕的主要例子含量，說明盤道嶺隧道襯砌結構的侵蝕是以硫酸鹽侵蝕和溶出性侵蝕為主的。由于盤道嶺隧道高硫酸根離子的含量，造成地下混凝土結構性能的退化，而退化的程度是和腐蝕損傷度D有著直接的關系，腐蝕損傷度D造成了混凝土襯砌的力學指標的下降。 (3)在盤道嶺隧洞內有多處襯砌出現裂縫，選擇兩處病害嚴重的洞段，選擇兩個典型斷面進行儀器安裝和觀測，安裝的測試項目有多點位移計、襯砌表面裂縫計、表面應變計和埋入式應變計，觀測裂縫發展隨時間一年的變化，研究裂縫發展的影響因素。從斷裂力學的角度出發，計算裂縫襯砌的應力強度因子隨著不同裂縫深度的變化的結果表達式，并使用有限元數值分析軟件ABAQUS建立裂縫的數值模型，模擬裂縫的擴展，求得了不同裂縫深度下的應力強度因子，并與斷裂力學強度因子的理論值數值進行比較，并且研究不同裂縫深度的影響。 (4)最后從隧道病害的原因出發，據隧道所在地的水文地質特性，全面系統的調查所有襯砌滲漏水的方式，滲漏出水的量，，水的性質，對滲漏水有針對性的制定治理措施，襯砌裂縫方面，從裂縫的特點出發根據不同的寬度和長度，使用不同材料，對縱斜向和環向裂縫進行治理，為今后隧道病害的治理提供幫助和參考。
[Abstract]:As a tunnel structure in underground structure engineering, because of its complex environment, it is affected by many factors, such as geological conditions, hydrological conditions, design and construction, etc. As a result, many diseases inevitably appear during the construction and completion of the tunnel, which threaten the support and safety of the tunnel structure. In this paper, the leakage of the two major diseases of the tunnel lining and the lining cracks are taken as the starting point. The main research works are as follows: (1) based on the present situation of tunnel diseases, this paper summarizes the leakage of lining, the types of cracks in lining, and the harm to tunnel structure. The reasons for the leakage of lining and the formation of cracks are further analyzed. (2) due to the existence of a large amount of groundwater in the Pandooling Tunnel, and the high salinity of groundwater, the variation of chemical ion content in the water is abnormal. So the hydrochemical analysis of 9 typical, more serious leakage points in the tunnel of Pandaoling Tunnel shows that the results of the chemical analysis of the 9 sites are 5 types, and the ion types of the same pile number in 1990 are the same as those in the construction stage in 1990. By comparing the content of ions with the degree of mineralization, it is found that the content of ions in groundwater is basically in the same order of magnitude, and there is little change in the content of ions in groundwater. However, the main ion and salinity parameters of 9 pile number measuring points were normalized. It was found that HCO3- and SO42- in groundwater had strong variability, and HCO3- and SO42- were the main examples of sulfate erosion and dissolution erosion in lining erosion, respectively. It shows that the erosion of the lining structure of Pandaoling tunnel is dominated by sulfate erosion and dissolution erosion. Because of the high content of sulfate ion in Pandaoling tunnel, the performance of underground concrete structure is degraded, and the degree of degradation is directly related to the corrosion damage degree D. The corrosion damage degree D causes the decrease of the mechanical index of concrete lining. (3) there are many cracks in the lining of Pandaoling tunnel, two seriously damaged sections of the tunnel are selected, and two typical sections are selected for installation and observation. The test items are multipoint displacement meter, lining surface crack gauge, surface strain gauge and embedded strain gauge. The variation of crack development with time is observed and the influencing factors of crack development are studied. From the angle of fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor of crack lining is calculated with the change of crack depth, and the finite element numerical analysis software ABAQUS is used to establish the numerical model of crack to simulate the crack propagation. The stress intensity factors at different fracture depths are obtained, and compared with the theoretical values of fracture mechanical strength factors, and the effects of different fracture depths are studied. (4) finally, starting from the causes of tunnel diseases, According to the hydrogeological characteristics of the site of the tunnel, a comprehensive and systematic investigation of all the ways of leakage of lining, the quantity of leakage effluent, the nature of water, the establishment of targeted treatment measures for the leakage of water, and the aspects of cracks in the lining, According to the characteristics of cracks, according to different width and length, different materials are used to treat longitudinal and circumferential cracks, which can provide help and reference for the treatment of tunnel diseases in the future.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U457.2

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