【摘要】：山區(qū)小流域因流域面積和河道的調(diào)蓄能力小，坡降較陡，，洪水持續(xù)時(shí)間短，漲幅大，洪峰高，山洪災(zāi)害具有突發(fā)性、預(yù)見(jiàn)期短、水量集中、破壞力大等特點(diǎn)，已成為我國(guó)防洪減災(zāi)工作中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。由于山區(qū)小流域情況復(fù)雜，影響因素眾多，資料短缺，且相關(guān)研究起步較晚，亟須相關(guān)的技術(shù)支撐，因此，小流域山洪災(zāi)害成因及防治技術(shù)研究具有重要意義。本文以廣東省清遠(yuǎn)市連州瑤安小流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象，主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： （1）分析小流域山洪災(zāi)害成因。從降雨條件、坡度勢(shì)能條件、固體物質(zhì)環(huán)境條件等方面對(duì)瑤安小流域山洪災(zāi)害成因進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)果表明，降雨是山洪災(zāi)害形成的直接外動(dòng)力因素，不利的坡度勢(shì)能條件是山洪災(zāi)害形成的重要因素，地表松散固體物質(zhì)為山洪災(zāi)害的形成提供了重要的環(huán)境條件。 （2）研究小流域山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。以降雨、高程、坡度、土壤類(lèi)型、人口密度和土地利用類(lèi)型等共六個(gè)因子作為瑤安小流域山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，基于GIS技術(shù)和層次分析法建立山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型，并制作山洪災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃圖、易損性區(qū)劃圖和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)劃圖，對(duì)該區(qū)山洪災(zāi)害進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果可以較好地反映實(shí)際情況。 （3）探討小流域山洪災(zāi)害臨界雨量計(jì)算分析方法。采用區(qū)域臨界雨量法、水位反推法，綜合分析確定瑤安小流域1h、3h、6h、12h、24h臨界雨量值，另外，考慮山洪災(zāi)害當(dāng)天雨量和前期有效雨量的關(guān)系，初步建立臨界雨量基準(zhǔn)線，為山洪災(zāi)害防治提供參考。 （4）在研究無(wú)資料地區(qū)洪水預(yù)報(bào)問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建小流域暴雨山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)。預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)包括臨界雨量預(yù)報(bào)和山洪過(guò)程預(yù)報(bào)，其中山洪過(guò)程模擬和預(yù)報(bào)采用新安江模型、經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)報(bào)方案。針對(duì)該區(qū)缺乏實(shí)測(cè)徑流資料的特點(diǎn)，將新安江模型模擬結(jié)果與廣東省綜合單位線法進(jìn)行對(duì)比，對(duì)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行率定和檢驗(yàn)，可以較好地解決無(wú)資料地區(qū)洪水預(yù)報(bào)精度問(wèn)題。 （5）提出小流域山洪災(zāi)害防治工程措施。瑤安小流域山洪災(zāi)害防治工程措施主要包括防洪工程治理、河道整治、水土保持工程建設(shè)和生物工程治理等，治理重點(diǎn)放在受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重的長(zhǎng)合水及瑤安鄉(xiāng)，小滾水和帶田水則進(jìn)行局部治理。工程措施為提高該區(qū)抵抗山洪災(zāi)害能力、保證山區(qū)人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全提供強(qiáng)有力的保障。
[Abstract]:Because of the small watershed area and river storage ability, steep slope, short flood duration, large increase, high Hong Feng, mountain flood disaster has the characteristics of sudden occurrence, short forecast period, concentrated water quantity and great destructive power. It has become a weak link in flood control and disaster reduction in China. Because the situation of small watershed in mountainous area is complex, the influencing factors are many, the data is scarce, and the related research starts late, it is urgent to need the relevant technical support. Therefore, the research on the causes of mountain flood disaster and its prevention and control technology in small watershed is of great significance. In this paper, the Yao'an small watershed in Lianzhou, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province is taken as the research object, and the main research contents are as follows: (1) the causes of mountain flood disaster in small watershed are analyzed. The causes of mountain flood disaster in Yao'an small watershed are analyzed from the aspects of rainfall condition, slope potential energy condition and solid material environment condition. The results show that rainfall is the direct external dynamic factor for the formation of mountain flood disaster. The unfavorable slope potential energy condition is an important factor for the formation of mountain flood disaster, and the loose solid material on the surface provides an important environmental condition for the formation of mountain flood disaster. (2) to study the risk assessment of mountain flood disaster in small watershed. Six factors, such as rainfall, elevation, slope, soil type, population density and land use type, were used as risk assessment indexes of mountain flood disaster in Yao'an small watershed. Based on GIS technology and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the risk assessment model of mountain flood disaster was established. The risk zoning map, vulnerability zoning map and risk zoning map of mountain flood disaster are made, and the risk assessment of mountain flood disaster in this area is carried out, and the evaluation results can better reflect the actual situation. (3) the calculation and analysis method of critical rainfall of mountain flood disaster in small watershed is discussed. By using the regional critical rain method and the water level inversion method, the critical rain values for 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in Yao'an small watershed are comprehensively analyzed and determined. In addition, the relationship between the rainfall on the day of the mountain flood disaster and the effective rainfall in the previous period is considered. The critical rainfall datum line is established to provide reference for mountain flood disaster prevention and control. (4) on the basis of studying the flood forecasting problem in the area without data, the early warning and forecasting system of rainstorm mountain flood disaster in small watershed is constructed. The early warning and forecasting system includes critical rainfall forecast and mountain flood process forecast, in which the simulation and forecast of mountain flood process adopts Xin'an River model and empirical prediction scheme. In view of the lack of measured runoff data in this area, the simulation results of Xin'anjiang model are compared with the comprehensive unit line method of Guangdong Province, and the calibration and test of model parameters can solve the problem of flood forecasting accuracy in areas without data. (5) the prevention and control engineering measures of mountain flood disaster in small watershed are put forward. The prevention and control engineering measures of mountain flood disaster in Yao'an small watershed mainly include flood control project management, river regulation, soil and water conservation project construction and biological engineering control, etc., with emphasis on Changhe Water and Yao'an Township, which are seriously affected. Small boiling water and belt water are treated locally. The engineering measures provide a strong guarantee for improving the ability to resist mountain torrents and ensuring the safety of people's lives and property in mountain areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV87

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