本文選題：自然哲學(xué)　切入點：經(jīng)驗型自然哲學(xué)　出處：《江蘇行政學(xué)院學(xué)報》2015年02期

【摘要】：古希臘至中世紀的自然研究是與人事研究密切聯(lián)系在一起的,顯示出古代西方哲學(xué)具有自然哲學(xué)與文化哲學(xué)渾然不分的原始綜合性特點。至17世紀上半葉,以弗蘭西斯·培根的《新工具》和笛卡爾的《方法論》為標志,西方哲學(xué)中開始形成明確偏向自然哲學(xué)的研究傳統(tǒng)。在現(xiàn)代西方自然哲學(xué)的歷史演變過程中,出現(xiàn)了以弗蘭西斯·培根為代表的經(jīng)驗型自然哲學(xué)、以笛卡爾為代表的理智型自然哲學(xué)、以馬克思和恩格斯為代表的實踐型自然哲學(xué)和以石里克等維也納學(xué)派為代表的科學(xué)型自然哲學(xué)四種基本類型。馬克思和恩格斯的實踐型自然哲學(xué)以其基于實踐唯物主義世界觀的歸納與演繹相統(tǒng)一、形式邏輯與辯證邏輯相統(tǒng)一的邏輯理論,不僅豐富和充實了邏輯學(xué)的內(nèi)容,而且拓寬了邏輯學(xué)的外延。維也納學(xué)派的科學(xué)型自然哲學(xué)作為西方自然哲學(xué)在20世紀的歷史形態(tài),則表現(xiàn)出自然哲學(xué)有向文化哲學(xué)合流的發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:The study of nature from ancient Greece to the Middle Ages is closely related to the study of personnel, which shows that ancient western philosophy has the characteristics of primitive comprehensiveness which is inseparable from natural philosophy and cultural philosophy.In the first half of the 17th century, marked by Francis Bacon's New tool and Descartes's Methodology, the research tradition of natural philosophy began to form in western philosophy.In the historical evolution of modern western philosophy of nature, the empirical philosophy of nature, represented by Francis Bacon, and the rational philosophy of nature, represented by Descartes, emerged.There are four basic types of natural philosophy in practice, represented by Marx and Engels, and by the Vienna School such as schlick.Marx and Engels' practical philosophy of nature not only enriches and enriches the content of logic, but also combines the inducement and deduction based on the world view of practical materialism and the unity of formal logic and dialectical logic.Moreover, it broadens the extension of logic.As the historical form of western natural philosophy in the 20th century, the natural philosophy of the Vienna school of science shows the trend of the confluence of the natural philosophy towards the cultural philosophy.
【作者單位】： 蘇州大學(xué)人文學(xué)院;
【分類號】：A811
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本文編號：1709571