本文選題：馬克思　切入點：蒲魯東　出處：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：資本主義社會的生產資料私有制,使工業無產階級和工業資產階級的矛盾日益凸顯。一些有識之士開始在資本主義社會這個大基礎背景下探索解放工人的索要。于是出現了各種各樣的理論思潮。蒲魯東思想就是其中之一,蒲魯東代表小資產階級反對資本主義社會的大資產階級,力圖為工業無產階級找到實現他們權利平等的理論工具。然而蒲魯東的理論卻唯心了,缺乏資本主義社會生產的現實基礎,使他的理論不能成為科學。而馬克思立足于資本主義現實的生產關系,堅持辯證唯物主義創立了唯物史觀。《哲學的貧困》這部著作就是馬克思主義唯物史觀的第一次公開闡發,是馬克思揭露蒲魯東的唯心史觀和蒲魯東不現實的小資產階級政治經濟學的偉大勝利,為科學社會主義的誕生奠定了基礎,是馬克思主義創立的標志至少是重要標志。本文從馬克思與蒲魯東交往關系的演變入手,以資本主義的“生產”為主線,十分重視馬克思重要著作的內在聯系。在縱向上闡述了馬克思(包括恩格斯)從《1844年經濟學哲學手稿》到《哲學的貧困》的心路歷程,并聯系到后來的《資本論》。《1844年經濟學哲學手稿》由于受黑格爾和西方經濟學者的影響,雖然對西方政治經濟學展開了研究,但是對政治經濟學的研究對象并未科學確立。《哲學的貧困》以唯物史觀為指導,科學確立了政治經濟學的研究對象問題;橫向上研究了從《德意志意識形態》到《哲學的貧困》中唯物史觀“生產關系”范疇的確立過程,并聯系到后來的《共產黨宣言》。《德意志意識形態》沒有嚴格區分“交往關系”與“生產關系”,認為“交往關系”與生產力是一對基本范疇,而《哲學的貧困》科學的確立了“生產關系”這一經濟范疇,并說明了生產力與生產關系的辯證運動,是唯物史觀的成熟應用,從而說明了新世界觀公開問世的革命性與科學性。《哲學的貧困》是馬克思主義哲學與政治經濟學的成功結合,并因這個科學的結合得出了科學的理論,論證了科學社會主義的必然性與革命性。論文立足于資本主義社會的“生產”方面,以全面的眼光來分析《哲學的貧困》在馬克思主義思想史發展中的地位和《哲學的貧困》與馬克思主義理論體系創立的關系。
[Abstract]:The private ownership of the means of production in capitalist society makes the contradiction between the industrial proletariat and the industrial bourgeoisie increasingly prominent.Some men of insight began to explore the demands of liberating workers against the backdrop of capitalist society.A variety of theoretical trends emerged.Poluton thought is one of them, on behalf of the petty bourgeoisie against the capitalist society of the big bourgeoisie, trying to find for the industrial proletariat to achieve their equal rights theoretical tools.However, Prudon's theory is idealistic and lacks the realistic foundation of capitalist society's production, so his theory can not become science.Marx, based on the capitalist reality of the relations of production and adhering to dialectical materialism, founded the historical materialism. This work, "philosophical Poverty", is the first public interpretation of Marxist historical materialism.It is Marx's revelation of Buluton's idealistic view of history and the great victory of his unrealistic petty bourgeois political economy, which laid the foundation for the birth of scientific socialism, and is at least an important symbol of the creation of Marxism.This paper begins with the evolution of the relationship between Marx and Buluton, takes the "production" of capitalism as the main line, and attaches great importance to the internal connection of Marx's important works.This paper expounds the course of Marx (including Engels) from "the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844" to "the Poverty of philosophy" longitudinally.And related to the later Capital. The manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 was influenced by Hegel and Western economists, although the study of western political economy was carried out.However, the research object of political economy has not been scientifically established. "the poverty of philosophy" is guided by historical materialism, and the research object of political economy is scientifically established.Horizontally, it studies the establishment process of the category of "relations of production" in historical materialism from "German ideology" to "poverty in philosophy".In connection with the later Manifesto of the Communist Party, the German ideology does not strictly distinguish between "relations of association" and "relations of production", and considers that "relations of association" and productive forces are a pair of basic categories.The poverty of philosophy establishes the economic category of "relations of production" scientifically, and explains the dialectical movement of productive forces and relations of production, which is the mature application of historical materialism.This explains the revolutionary and scientific nature of the public appearance of the new world outlook. Poverty in philosophy is a successful combination of Marxist philosophy and political economics, and a scientific theory has been derived from the combination of this science.The necessity and revolution of scientific socialism are demonstrated.Based on the "production" aspect of capitalist society, this paper analyzes the position of "philosophical poverty" in the history of Marxist ideology and the relationship between "philosophical poverty" and the establishment of Marxist theoretical system.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：A811

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本文編號：1711237