【摘要】： 中國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,素有“中國的問題就是農(nóng)民問題”的說法。中國的農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟經(jīng)過30多年的改革和發(fā)展,取得了舉世矚目的巨大成就。在中國現(xiàn)代化加速推進(jìn)的過程中,中國農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展也出現(xiàn)了許多不協(xié)調(diào)的現(xiàn)象,農(nóng)民問題以“三農(nóng)”困境的方式浮出水面,成為中國全面建設(shè)小康社會的一道障礙。毛澤東在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國革命和建設(shè)過程中,一直關(guān)注農(nóng)民問題,從理論和實踐的結(jié)合上深化了對中國農(nóng)民問題的認(rèn)識和了解,形成了自己獨特的農(nóng)民觀。今天,重新梳理毛澤東農(nóng)民觀的諸多方面,發(fā)現(xiàn)它對解決困境中的“三農(nóng)”問題,仍有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 毛澤東農(nóng)民觀是在中國革命和社會主義建設(shè)的實踐中逐步形成的,深受馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的農(nóng)民觀、中國傳統(tǒng)的民本思想和重農(nóng)思想、近代革命者的農(nóng)民觀以及西方空想社會主義者的農(nóng)民觀的影響,最終形成了具有中國特色的農(nóng)民觀。 毛澤東農(nóng)民觀的內(nèi)容十分豐富。毛澤東解放農(nóng)民的實踐活動,規(guī)模空前。本文主要從四個方面對毛澤東農(nóng)民觀的內(nèi)容加以闡述：在革命戰(zhàn)爭時期,毛澤東賦予農(nóng)民革命的主力軍的地位,在社會主義建設(shè)中,又賦予農(nóng)民國家主人翁的地位,使中國農(nóng)民的主體地位得到前所未有的提高；毛澤東非常注重保護(hù)農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟利益,通過土地改革滿足農(nóng)民的土地要求,通過發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,提高農(nóng)民的生活水平,又通過一些惠農(nóng)的政策,縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民的生活差距；毛澤東成功地組織農(nóng)民,完成新民主主義革命的任務(wù)和進(jìn)行社會主義的建設(shè)；毛澤東在教育農(nóng)民方面,不僅教育方法多種多樣,而且教育內(nèi)容也極其豐富。 在加速現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的今天,進(jìn)一步深入研究毛澤東農(nóng)民觀,意在從中啟發(fā)解決“三農(nóng)”問題的思路和方法,主要從四個方面闡述了毛澤東農(nóng)民觀的現(xiàn)實意義：1、要真正重視農(nóng)民問題,切實發(fā)揮農(nóng)民的主體作用；2、“三農(nóng)”問題的決策必須代表廣大農(nóng)民的根本利益和要求；3、積極引導(dǎo)和組織農(nóng)民,走集約化科學(xué)發(fā)展之路,是解決三農(nóng)問題的最佳路徑；4、發(fā)展農(nóng)村教育,培育新型農(nóng)民,是解決“三農(nóng)”問題的出路。
[Abstract]:China is a big agricultural country, known as "China's problem is the peasant problem." After more than 30 years of reform and development, China's agriculture and rural economy have made great achievements. In the process of accelerating the modernization of China, there have also been many uncoordinated phenomena in the social and economic development of China's rural areas. The problem of farmers has surfaced in the way of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", which has become an obstacle to building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. In the process of leading the Chinese revolution and construction, Mao Zedong has always paid attention to the problem of farmers, deepened his understanding and understanding of the problems of Chinese peasants from the combination of theory and practice, and formed his own unique view of farmers. Today, it is still of great practical significance to re-sort out many aspects of Mao Zedong's view of farmers and find that it is still of great practical significance to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers in the predicament. Mao Zedong's view of farmers was gradually formed in the practice of Chinese revolution and socialist construction, deeply influenced by the peasant view of Marxist classical writers, the traditional Chinese people-oriented thought and the thought of emphasizing agriculture, the peasant view of modern revolutionaries and the peasant view of western utopian socialists, and finally formed the peasant view with Chinese characteristics. Mao Zedong's view of farmers is very rich in content. Mao Zedong's practical activities of liberating peasants are unprecedented in scale. This paper mainly expounds the contents of Mao Zedong's view of farmers from four aspects: during the revolutionary war, Mao Zedong endowed the main force of the peasant revolution with the status of the main force of the peasant revolution, and in the socialist construction, it also gave the peasant the status of the master of the country, so that the subject status of the Chinese peasants was improved as never before; Mao Zedong paid great attention to protecting the economic interests of farmers, met the land requirements of farmers through land reform, improved the living standards of farmers through the development of agricultural productive forces, and narrowed the living gap between urban and rural residents through some policies benefiting farmers. Mao Zedong successfully organized farmers to complete the task of the new democratic revolution and carry out socialist construction. In the aspect of educating farmers, Mao Zedong not only has a variety of educational methods, but also has rich educational contents. In order to enlighten the train of thought and method to solve the problems of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", this paper mainly expounds the practical significance of Mao Zedong's view of farmers from four aspects: (1) in order to really attach importance to the problem of farmers and give full play to the main role of farmers; (2) the decision of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" must represent the fundamental interests and requirements of the broad masses of farmers; 3. Actively guiding and organizing farmers and taking the road of intensive scientific development is the best way to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. 4. the development of rural education and the cultivation of new farmers are the way to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：A841;C912.82

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