【摘要】：城市污水處理廠是解決水污染問題最有效和最重要的途徑,具有顯著的社會、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境效益。然而,由于在建設過程中重點考慮了處理工藝的先進性和穩(wěn)定性及工程投資等問題,而忽視了污水廠高能耗對后續(xù)運行成本的影響,造成許多污水處理廠建成后給當?shù)刎斦斐奢^大壓力,甚至有些污水廠由于運營成本過高而不能正常運行。本文通過對污水廠運行過程中能耗構(gòu)成和能耗分布的分析,提出了污水處理廠工程設計階段電氣和自控系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能優(yōu)化設計方法,并通過烏蘭浩特東區(qū)污水廠項目進行了驗證,取得明顯節(jié)能效果。本文的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)污水處理廠按工藝單元劃分為預處理段工藝單元、生化處理段工藝單元和污泥處理段工藝單元。其中,預處理段能耗約占全廠能耗的18%~25%,生物處理段能耗約占全廠能好的55%~70%,污泥處理段能耗約占全廠能耗的8%~10%。污水提升和曝氣系統(tǒng)是全廠能耗最大的兩個環(huán)節(jié),約占全廠80%以上電耗。(2)污水處理廠電氣系統(tǒng)節(jié)能優(yōu)化設計主要應包括:合理確定設備工作制和選擇需要系數(shù)優(yōu)化負荷計算算法;選用節(jié)能變壓器選型、合理確定容量選配、優(yōu)化運行方式;按照負荷分布,優(yōu)化變電站選址布局;通過動力設備選型、低壓側(cè)集中無功補償和變壓器接線方式提高功率因數(shù)與諧波抑制;選擇低損耗電纜,優(yōu)化配電路由;采用高效率電機、軟啟動和變頻調(diào)速手段降低設備運行能耗;選用高效節(jié)能燈具、合理布光、合理選擇照度、優(yōu)化控制降低照明能耗。(3)污水處理廠自控系統(tǒng)節(jié)能優(yōu)化設計主要應根據(jù)污水廠控制規(guī)模和控制要求選擇控制系統(tǒng)。目前我國污水廠控制系統(tǒng)主要采用集散型控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)和現(xiàn)場總線型控制系統(tǒng)(FCS);預處理段自控系統(tǒng)節(jié)能優(yōu)化設計包括格柵液位差控制、污水提升泵組輪詢控制和變頻調(diào)速控制,以及管理節(jié)能方法,如夜間來水量低時,水泵低速運行或停止運行,盡量利用水池蓄水能力,保持高液位運行,減少水頭損失。生物處理段自控系統(tǒng)節(jié)能優(yōu)化包括生化池工藝設備連續(xù)控制,優(yōu)化生化池處理效率;消化液回流泵變頻控制;鼓風機變頻控制按需供氣。污泥處理段自控系統(tǒng)節(jié)能優(yōu)化設計包括,污泥池泥位控制和污泥脫水機自動控制。
[Abstract]:Urban sewage treatment plant is the most effective and important way to solve the water pollution problem. It has remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits. However, due to the consideration of the advanced nature and stability of the treatment process and the project investment in the construction process, the influence of high energy consumption on the subsequent operation cost of the wastewater treatment plant is ignored. As a result, many sewage treatment plants are under great pressure on local finance after completion, and some sewage treatment plants can not operate normally because of the high operating cost. Based on the analysis of the energy consumption composition and energy consumption distribution during the operation of the wastewater treatment plant, this paper puts forward the energy saving optimization design method of the electric and automatic control system in the design stage of the sewage treatment plant project, and verifies it through the Wulanhaote East District sewage Plant Project. Obvious energy saving effect has been achieved. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the wastewater treatment plant is divided into pretreatment unit, biochemical treatment section process unit and sludge treatment stage process unit according to the process unit. Among them, the energy consumption of pretreatment stage accounts for about 18% of the energy consumption of the whole plant, the energy consumption of biological treatment section accounts for 5570 of the energy consumption of the whole plant, and the energy consumption of sludge treatment section accounts for 8% and 10% of the energy consumption of the whole plant. Sewage lifting and aeration systems are the two most energy-consuming links in the plant. About 80% of the power consumption in the whole plant. (2) the optimal design of energy saving in the electric system of sewage treatment plant should include: reasonably determining the working system of the equipment and optimizing the load calculation algorithm for selecting the demand coefficient; Select the type of energy-saving transformer, reasonably determine the capacity selection, optimize the operation mode, according to the load distribution, optimize the substation location layout; Power factor and harmonic suppression are improved by selecting power equipment, low voltage side centralized reactive power compensation and transformer wiring, and low loss cable is selected to optimize distribution route. Adopt high efficiency motor, soft start and frequency conversion speed regulation means to reduce the equipment running energy consumption; Select high-efficiency energy-saving lamps, reasonable distribution of light, reasonable selection of illumination, optimization control to reduce the energy consumption of lighting. (3) the optimal design of energy saving of automatic control system of sewage treatment plant should be mainly based on the control scale and control requirements of the sewage plant control system. At present, (DCS) and (FCS); are mainly used in the control system of wastewater treatment plant in China, which is based on distributed control system (DCS) and fieldbus control system (FCS);). The energy saving optimization design of automatic control system in preprocessing section includes grid level difference control, polling control of sewage lifting pump group and variable frequency speed regulation control, and management of energy saving methods, such as low water flow at night, low speed operation or stop operation of water pump, Make full use of water storage capacity to maintain high water level and reduce head loss. Energy saving optimization of automatic control system in biological treatment section includes continuous control of biochemical pool process equipment, optimization of treatment efficiency of biochemical tank, frequency conversion control of digestible liquid reflux pump and frequency conversion control of blower on demand for gas supply. The energy saving optimization design of automatic control system of sludge treatment section includes sludge level control and automatic control of sludge dewatering machine.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3

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