【摘要】：重金屬污染是一種常見的環境問題,而在蘭州市西固石化工業區,由于歷史遺留問題,部分土地被用作菜地,使得重金屬污染狀況更為復雜。本研究主要對石化工業區周邊土壤-植物系統重金屬污染狀況進行了評價,并對蘭州石化搬遷后的棕地修復進行了探討。主要結論如下:1.蘭州西固石化工業區周邊菜地表層土壤中As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb含量均高于當地背景值,但低于中國土壤環境二級標準。石化工業區周邊菜地甘藍可食用部分的重金屬含量均低于農產品安全質量無公害蔬菜安全要求。2.潛在生態風險評估的結果表明,當地土壤重金屬污染對于生態的影響較為嚴重,其中Cd和Hg的累積為主要的風險來源。3.人體健康風險評估的結果表明,進入口腔的土壤顆粒與日常食用蔬菜為當地居民主要的重金屬暴露途徑。當地居民的健康風險主要來源于Cr和As的暴露。此外Pb也對當地居民帶來一定的致癌風險。4.主成份分析和聚類分析將土壤中重金屬來源分為三類:Cu,Cd,Cr和Pb主要是來源于工業活動和交通運輸;Hg主要來自于煤的燃燒;As主要源于土壤母質。5.從石化工業區周邊采集的植物提取土壤中重金屬的能力均高于甘藍,但低于超累積植物的標準。其中金葉榆,海棠,菊芋和榆葉梅提取重金屬的能力較強。若將其做為當地土壤重金屬污染的植物修復材料,需使用植物修復強化措施。6.根據研究結論,提出了如下建議:1)石化工業區的土壤不適于進行農業生產活動,應盡快改變土地用途并進行污染治理。2)為降低健康風險,當地居民應盡量在室外穿戴口罩以過濾空氣中的顆粒物。同時盡量避免食用石化工業區菜地所生產的蔬菜。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution is a common environmental problem, but in Xigu Petrochemical Industrial Zone of Lanzhou City, due to historical problems, some of the land is used as vegetable land, which makes heavy metal pollution more complicated. In this study, the pollution of heavy metals in the soil-plant system around the petrochemical industrial area was evaluated, and the remediation of brown land after the relocation of Lanzhou Petrochemical was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The content of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb in the surface soil of vegetable field around Xigu Petrochemical Industrial Zone of Lanzhou was higher than that of the local background value, but lower than that of the second class standard of soil environment in China. The contents of heavy metals in edible parts of vegetable fields around petrochemical industrial area are lower than the safety requirements of agricultural products, pollution-free vegetables. 2. The results of potential ecological risk assessment showed that the ecological effects of heavy metal pollution on soil were serious, and the accumulation of Cd and Hg was the main risk source. The results of human health risk assessment showed that soil particles entering the mouth and daily edible vegetables were the main exposure pathways of heavy metals to local residents. The health risks of local residents are mainly due to exposure to Cr and As. In addition, Pb also poses a carcinogenic risk to local residents. 4. 4. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis divided the heavy metal sources into three categories: Cu,Cd,Cr and Pb mainly derived from industrial activities and transportation; Hg mainly from coal combustion; As mainly from soil parent material. 5. The ability of extracting heavy metals from plants collected from the periphery of petrochemical industrial area was higher than that of cabbage, but lower than the standard of superaccumulative plants. Among them, Ulmus elm, Begonia chinensis, Jerusalem artichoke and Ulmus pumila had strong ability to extract heavy metals. If it is used as a phytoremediation material for heavy metal pollution in local soil, it is necessary to use phytoremediation measures. 6. Based on the conclusions of the study, the following suggestions are put forward: 1) soil in petrochemical industrial areas is not suitable for agricultural production activities, land use should be changed as soon as possible and pollution treatment should be carried out. 2) in order to reduce health risks, Local residents should try to wear masks outdoors to filter particulates in the air. At the same time, try to avoid eating vegetables produced by vegetable fields in petrochemical industrial areas.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X820.4

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