【摘要】：文人儀式劇是指文人或直接或間接地為某種儀式所創作的戲劇作品。一般認為,戲劇產生于上古的祭祀禮儀活動中。后世戲劇雖逐漸向世俗化、商業化方向發展,但與宗教祭祀、民間儀式一直保持著密切的聯系。文人的參與增強了戲劇的文學性,提高了戲劇的藝術品味,推進其一步步走向成熟。元代,一般認為是中國戲劇發展的興盛期。這一時期,雖然城市中勾欄瓦肆的商業性演出非常活躍,但農村的神廟演劇也同樣興盛。尚且不談民間大量的祭祀性戲劇演出,即使最著名的元代劇作家關漢卿的《單刀會》、《西蜀夢》也被部分學者認為是為迎神賽社民間祭祀儀式創作而成。明代是中國戲劇發展史上的一個重要時期,主要表現在:一方面,大量文人尤其是上層文人(包括皇家成員)參與戲劇創作;另一方面,戲劇與民眾生活的聯系進一步加強,家班大量出現,廳堂演出非常普遍。大量文人儀式劇的出現,便是這兩方面結合的集中體現。本文便選擇明代文人儀式劇,這一戲劇史上重要時期的重要內容進行分析、探討。文章共分為四部分:第一部分:首先對“文人儀式劇”的概念做了界定,結合明代參與戲劇創作者身份的特點,指出本文所涉及的文人是社會經濟地位比較高的上層文人。其次,綜述了文人儀式劇的研究狀況:無論是對明代文人劇、明代儀式劇還是對有關文人儀式劇內容劇作的研究,研究雖有所涉及但不成體系、只集中于某一個點上。最后,對文人儀式劇進行溯源,探討文人儀式劇的源流。第二部分:按照表現儀式的不同把文人儀式劇作品分為:慶壽類、應時節類、捷報類、宴會類、誕育類、伉儷類六類,針對每一類作品,按照界定內涵、總結特征的思路進行了整理和評價。并對儀式性相對弱的文人儀式劇亞類型進行了界定與分析。第三部分:分析文人儀式劇的藝術特色,概括為:注重舞臺藝術、儀式性強故事性弱,曲辭、賓白典雅三方面。第四部分:著重探討明代文人儀式劇在中國戲劇史上的價值和意義。文人儀式劇是中國戲劇史上的一個獨特發展階段,是上層文人參與、主導戲劇和戲劇藝術走近民眾生活的結果,它既體現了戲劇與宗教之間的密切聯系,也體現了戲劇與民眾生活的密切聯系。文人儀式劇的出現證明戲劇與宗教、儀式的密切相關,佐證了中國戲劇來源于上古祭祀,與祭祀儀式有著天然的密切的聯系。總之,文人儀式劇是從文人角度對儀式戲劇的關照,是文學性、儀式性的結合,這是其獨具特色的地方。
[Abstract]:Literati ritual drama refers to the dramatic works created by literati or directly or indirectly for a certain ceremony. It is generally believed that drama came into being in ancient ritual activities. Although later dramas have gradually developed in the direction of secularization and commercialization, they have been closely related to religious sacrifices and folk rituals. The participation of literati enhances the literariness of drama, improves the artistic taste of drama, and promotes its maturity step by step. The Yuan Dynasty is generally regarded as the prosperous period of the development of Chinese drama. During this period, although the commercial performances of Goulan Wasu in the city were very active, the temple plays in the countryside also flourished. Even though Guan Hanqing, the most famous playwright of Yuan Dynasty, "single knife meeting", "Xishu Dream" is considered by some scholars to be created for the folk sacrifice ceremony of welcoming God Competition Society, even the most famous Yuan Dynasty playwright Guan Hanqing's "single knife meeting" is not to be talked about a large number of folk sacrifice theatrical performances. Ming Dynasty is an important period in the history of the development of Chinese drama, which is mainly manifested in: on the one hand, a large number of literati, especially the upper literati (including royal members), participated in drama creation; On the other hand, the connection between drama and people's life has been further strengthened, a large number of family classes have appeared, and hall performances are very common. The emergence of a large number of literati ritual dramas is the concentrated embodiment of the combination of these two aspects. This paper analyzes and discusses the important content of Ming Dynasty literati ritual drama, which is an important period in the history of drama. The article is divided into four parts: the first part: first of all, the concept of "literati ritual drama" is defined, combined with the Ming Dynasty involved in the characteristics of drama creators, pointed out that the literati involved in this paper is a relatively high socio-economic status of upper-class literati. Secondly, it summarizes the research status of literati ritual drama: whether it is the Ming Dynasty literati drama, the Ming Dynasty ritual drama or the relevant literati ritual drama content drama research, although the research is involved but not systematic, only focused on a certain point. Finally, the author traces back to the origin of the literati ritual drama and probes into the origin and development of the literati ritual drama. The second part: according to the different expression ceremony, the literati ritual drama works are divided into six categories: birthday celebration, season, newspaper, banquet, birth and couple. For each kind of work, according to the definition connotation, The train of thought of summing up the characteristics is sorted out and evaluated. The subtypes of literati ritual plays with relatively weak rituals are defined and analyzed. The third part: analysis of the artistic characteristics of literati ritual drama, summarized as: pay attention to stage art, ritual strong story weak, qu ci, Binbai elegant three aspects. The fourth part focuses on the value and significance of Ming Dynasty literati ritual drama in the history of Chinese drama. Literati ritual drama is a unique stage of development in the history of Chinese drama. It is the result of the participation of the upper class literati, leading the drama and drama art to come close to the lives of the people. It embodies the close relationship between drama and religion. It also reflects the close relationship between drama and people's life. The appearance of literati ritual drama proves that drama is closely related to religion and ritual, and proves that Chinese drama originates from ancient sacrifice and has a natural close relationship with sacrifice ceremony. In a word, the literati ritual drama is the consideration of the ritual drama from the literati point of view, and it is the combination of literariness and ritual, which is its unique place.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I207.37

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