本文選題：土地征收 + 公共利益　； 參考：《浙江財經(jīng)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國城市化的發(fā)展和社會主義新農(nóng)村的建設，對農(nóng)村集體土地征收已經(jīng)發(fā)展為滿足我國各類建設用地的主要途徑。我國的土地征收主要是指集體土地征收，基于我國現(xiàn)行土地征收制度的不健全，致使在土地征收的過程中集體土地權利人在實踐中無力對抗強勢的政府，合法權益往往被不當侵害，釀成大量的社會沖突，對社會的穩(wěn)定與和諧構成極大威脅。土地對農(nóng)民來說是其生命之源，農(nóng)民的生存和發(fā)展都要依靠土地來實現(xiàn)，農(nóng)民一旦失去土地將變得一無所有，可以說土地是農(nóng)民實現(xiàn)其生存發(fā)展權的重要保障。因此，加強我國土地征收法律制度的協(xié)調(diào)與完善具有十分重大的理論和實際意義。 本文以“我國土地征收法律制度”為主題，對我國土地征收法律制度進行了粗淺的研究，希望對我國土地征收法律制度的協(xié)調(diào)與完善有所幫助。 首先，對土地征收進行了概述。通過對征收的概念以及征收、征用的區(qū)別的分析探討，明確對我國土地征收的概念進行了理論界定。從法定性、強制性、公益性和程序性這四個方面對我國我國土地征收的特征進行了概括分析。探討了土地征收的理論基礎。通過對學界關于我國土地征收行為性質(zhì)認定的不同觀點進行分析，從而明確界定我國地征收行為性質(zhì)為經(jīng)濟法行為。 其次，全面分析了我國土地征收的制度設計及問題。通過對土地征收的法律依據(jù)、制度安排以及土地征收范圍和程序這三個方面探討了我國土地征收的制度設定。從基本人權的角度界定了失地農(nóng)民生存發(fā)展權的基本含義，并具體分析失地農(nóng)民生存發(fā)展權的法律保障措施，從而促進我國土地征收與失地農(nóng)民生存發(fā)展權的協(xié)調(diào)。對土地征收法律制度設計存在的公共利益界定不明確、土地征收補償標準及分配不合理、土地征收程序欠缺導致征地權濫用、失地農(nóng)民權益保障機制不健全等缺陷進行了探討。 再次，探討了對國外土地征收制度的考察與啟示。分別對大陸法系國家有代表性的法國、德國、日本，英美法系國家的美國、英國以及經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型國家中最具特色的俄羅斯這些國外土地征收制度的概況進行了闡述。并比較分析了國外土地征收目的正當性、理論依據(jù)、補償?shù)脑瓌t與方式和司法保障等制度規(guī)定。從而總結(jié)出對我國土地征收制度具有借鑒和啟示意義的成功經(jīng)驗和做法。 最后，提出完善我國土地征收制度的思路或?qū)Σ摺Ｔ谕恋卣魇罩幸鞔_區(qū)分公益性與經(jīng)營性用地，，嚴格界定“公共利益”之范圍，強化土地用途管制并促進農(nóng)村土地征收的市場化。通過將補償原則憲法化、補償標準科學化以及規(guī)范土地征收補償?shù)墓芾砼c監(jiān)督等措施實現(xiàn)按照市場價值設計土地補償制度的目標。通過設定“先予補償”原則、事前公告、聽證程序、強司法審查以及健全征地糾紛解決機制來完善土地征收的程序。通過改革農(nóng)村集體土地所有權制度和規(guī)范政府行為來規(guī)范土地征收制度，以防止土地征收權的濫用加強失地農(nóng)民社會保障工作保障農(nóng)民權益。此外，還探討了在土地征收過程中建立耕地保護新機制。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's urbanization and the construction of a new socialist countryside, the collection of rural collective land has been developed to meet the main ways to meet all kinds of construction land in our country. The land expropriation in China mainly refers to the collection of collective land, which is based on the unfitness of the current system of land expropriation in China, resulting in the collective land in the process of land expropriation. The right holder is incapable of confronting a strong government in practice, and the legitimate rights and interests are often wrongly infringed, resulting in a large number of social conflicts and a great threat to the stability and harmony of the society. The land is the source of its life for the peasants, and the farmers' survival and development must depend on the land, and the peasants will become nothing if they lose their land. Land is an important guarantee for farmers to realize their right to survive and develop. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the coordination and improvement of the legal system of land expropriation in China.
On the theme of "the legal system of land expropriation in China", this paper makes a superficial study on the legal system of land expropriation in China, and hopes to help the coordination and perfection of the legal system of land expropriation in China.
First, the land expropriation is summarized. Through the analysis and discussion of the concept of expropriation and the distinction between expropriation and expropriation, the concept of land expropriation in China is clearly defined. The characteristics of land expropriation in China are summarized and analyzed from four aspects of legality, compulsion, public welfare and procedural nature. The land expropriation is discussed. The theoretical basis of the collection is to analyze the different views of the academic circles on the nature of the land expropriation behavior in our country, so as to clearly define the nature of the land expropriation in our country as the economic law.
Secondly, the system design and problems of land expropriation in China are comprehensively analyzed and the system setting of land expropriation in China is discussed through three aspects of land expropriation legal basis, system arrangement, land expropriation scope and procedure. The basic meaning of land lost farmers' right of survival and development is defined from the angle of basic human rights, and the specific analysis is analyzed. The legal safeguard measures for the right to live and develop the peasants' survival and development, thus promote the coordination of the land expropriation and the right to live and development of the landless peasants in China. The definition of the public interests of the land expropriation legal system is not clear, the compensation standard and distribution of land expropriation is unreasonable, the lack of land expropriation procedures leads to the abuse of land rights, and the protection of the rights and interests of the landless peasants The defects of the mechanism are not perfect.
Thirdly, it discusses the investigation and Enlightenment of the land expropriation system abroad, and expounds the general situation of the foreign land expropriation system in the representative countries of France, Germany, Japan, the United States and the Anglo American law countries, the United Kingdom and the countries in the economic transition countries, and compares and analyses the foreign land sign. Due to the justification of the purpose, the theoretical basis, the principles and methods of compensation and the judicial guarantee, the successful experiences and practices of reference and Enlightenment to the land expropriation system in China are summed up.
Finally, we put forward some ideas and Countermeasures to improve the land expropriation system in our country. In the land expropriation, we should clearly distinguish between public welfare and business land, strictly define the scope of "public interest", strengthen the control of land use and promote the marketization of rural land expropriation. The management and supervision of compensation should be taken to achieve the goal of designing the land compensation system according to the market value. By setting the principle of "pre compensation", pre announcement, hearing procedure, strong judicial review and perfecting the settlement mechanism of land expropriation, the system of land acquisition is perfected by the reform of the system of collective land ownership and regulation in rural areas. In order to prevent the abuse of land expropriation rights and strengthen the social security work of landless peasants, the land expropriation system should be regulated to prevent the rights of land levied. In addition, a new mechanism for the establishment of cultivated land protection in the process of land expropriation is also discussed.
【學位授予單位】：浙江財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.3

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