【摘要】：2011年，我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)由于受到“郭美美炫富事件”的沖擊，社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)額大幅度減少，公信力受到嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)，各項(xiàng)人道救助工作阻力重重。社會(huì)及公眾的質(zhì)疑主要集中在我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)的行政化身份以及捐贈(zèng)資金的使用不透明等問題。因此,對(duì)這一實(shí)際問題形成的原因進(jìn)行研究并提出改革意見,對(duì)于社會(huì)管理和社會(huì)治理具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 在我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)的法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)中，本應(yīng)由會(huì)員代表（利益相關(guān)者代表）選舉產(chǎn)生的理事會(huì)的權(quán)力已經(jīng)弱化、部分功能已經(jīng)缺失，而執(zhí)委會(huì)（工作機(jī)構(gòu)）成為真正的權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)，這是由于我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)的行政化所造成的。行政化還造成了我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)官本位思想嚴(yán)重、工作執(zhí)行流程復(fù)雜、脫離社會(huì)大眾尤其是脫離會(huì)員（利益相關(guān)者）等弊端。本文通過梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于紅十字會(huì)及法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)方面的文獻(xiàn),運(yùn)用第三部門與政府關(guān)系理論和法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)理論，以上海市紅十字會(huì)為個(gè)案，討論該會(huì)的興起、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、與政府的關(guān)系、法人治理現(xiàn)狀及產(chǎn)生的問題和弊端，就行政化和社會(huì)化、監(jiān)事會(huì)缺失以及監(jiān)事會(huì)監(jiān)督效果等問題比較了國(guó)外紅十字會(huì)法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)作方式，得出了行政化是直接導(dǎo)致紅十字會(huì)發(fā)生公信力下降，不能取信于民等問題的最大弊端的結(jié)論，，并就此對(duì)我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)的改革特別是法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)上的改革提出了針對(duì)性的意見和建議。 我國(guó)的紅十字會(huì)要真正的扭轉(zhuǎn)公信力下降、社會(huì)公眾不信任這一局面，去行政化勢(shì)在必行，使紅十字會(huì)回歸社會(huì)組織本身特性，通過會(huì)員（利益相關(guān)者）的自治選舉，產(chǎn)生值得信任的真正握有權(quán)力的理事會(huì)。同時(shí)，去行政化后的理事會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生監(jiān)事會(huì)，從而形成有效的內(nèi)部監(jiān)督體系，它是利益相關(guān)者的互相牽制的監(jiān)督體系。不斷加強(qiáng)宣傳，特別是在公開透明方面的宣傳，將資金的使用等完全公開，才能真正取信于民。但是，在我國(guó)當(dāng)前的國(guó)情下，完全去行政化對(duì)紅十字會(huì)在資金方面的影響較大，不利于紅十字會(huì)的自身發(fā)展和人道工作的持續(xù)開展。因此，逐步去行政化并在合適的時(shí)間完全去行政化，將權(quán)力回歸于理事會(huì)是現(xiàn)今比較穩(wěn)妥的改革方向。
[Abstract]:In 2011, the Red Cross Society of our country was hit by the event of "Guo Meimei's display of wealth", the amount of social donations was greatly reduced, the credibility of the Red Cross Society was seriously challenged, and all kinds of humanitarian relief work were hindered. Social and public doubts mainly focus on the administrative identity of the Red Cross and the opaque use of donated funds. Therefore, it is of practical significance for social management and social governance to study the causes of this practical problem and put forward reform suggestions. In the corporate governance structure of our country's Red Cross, the power of the council, which should be elected by the member representatives (stakeholder representatives), has been weakened, and some functions have been missing. The Executive Committee (working body) becomes the real authority, which is caused by the administration of the Red Cross in our country. The administration also causes the red cross official standard thought to be serious, the work execution process is complicated, deviates from the social public, especially from the member (the stakeholder) and so on. Through combing the literature of Red Cross and corporate governance structure at home and abroad, using the theory of the relationship between the third sector and the government and the theory of corporate governance structure, taking the Shanghai Red Cross Society as an example, this paper discusses the rise of the Society. The organizational structure, the relationship with the government, the current situation of corporate governance and the problems and drawbacks arising therefrom are compared in terms of the administration and socialization, the absence of the board of supervisors and the supervisory effect of the board of supervisors. Reached the conclusion that the administration is the biggest malpractice of the Red Cross, which directly leads to the decline of the credibility of the Red Cross and cannot be trusted by the people. In this paper, the author puts forward some suggestions on the reform of Red Cross, especially on the reform of corporate governance structure. If the Red Cross of our country wants to truly reverse the decline in credibility and the public distrust of this situation, it is imperative to deadministrate, so that the Red Cross will return to its own characteristics of the social organization and be elected through the autonomous election of its members (stakeholders). To produce a truly powerful council that is trustworthy. At the same time, the board of supervisors is elected to form an effective internal supervision system. Increasing publicity, especially in transparency, the use of funds and other completely open, in order to truly win the trust of the people. However, under the current situation of our country, the complete deconcentration has a great influence on the Red Cross's funds, which is not conducive to the Red Cross's own development and the continuous development of humanitarian work. Therefore, to gradually deadministrate and completely deadministrate at the appropriate time, and to return power to the Council is now a more prudent direction of reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D632.9;D922.182

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