本文選題：兒化 + 北方方言　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：兒化是一種音節合并現象。通常來說,兒化主要被用于表小和區別意義與詞類。兒化是北方方言的一個主要的共同特征。盡管學者已經對某一方言的兒化現象做過多方面的深入研究,但對于北方方言兒化的整體研究還比較罕見。那么北方方言的兒化現象僅僅是兒化特征在原有音節上的簡單附著嗎?不同方言間的兒化現象是否存在相似性或差異?本文將就這兩個問題用音系學的方法加以探討。優選論是一個產生于九十年代初期的語言學理論。它的主要觀點在于認為語法是由一個個相互沖突的制約條件組成的系統。優選論自誕生以來就被廣泛用于音系學的研究,也有不少學者利用優選論來研究漢語的兒化現象。本文將利用優選論限制條件的排序對北方方言不同類型的兒化現象進行研究。本文分為六個章節。第一章主要介紹相關背景信息,包括對兒化的定義和漢語音節結構的介紹。本文對兒化的分析是基于將"兒"看做一個特征,而不是一個音段。本文的研究對象也在這一章提出。第二章是文獻綜述,詳細介紹了關于兒化的不同類型的研究,涉及到關于兒化的各種領域的研究以及不同的研究方法,從而提出了本文的研究目標及意義。第三章是本文主要分析方法優選論的介紹。本文將采用優選論這一當代語言學的優秀理論來進行北方方言兒化現象的分析,旨在為北方方言兒化現象的研究提供一個新的角度。其他語言學研究方法的弊端也在本章中有所提及。第四章展示了來自北方八大方言的代表地區的兒化現象。這些方言中的韻母以及它們在兒化后的對應形式都被列出并輔以例子加以說明。同時每個方言點的兒化類型也被一一列舉。第五章是對北方方言兒化的優選論分析。這一章提出了兒化現象所涉及到的多種限制條件,以及這些限制條件在不同方言中的優先性排序。第六章是全文的總結。這一章總結了北方方言各個方言點所體現的兒化現象的共同點和差異。兒化現象不是僅僅在原有韻母上加上兒化特征就能實現的。不同的韻母在兒化后有不同的變化和表現形式,同一韻母在不同方言點之間也存在差異。但是我們發現北方方言兒化并不是完全不可預測的,而是有一定的規律性。
[Abstract]:Pediatrics is a phenomenon of syllable amalgamation. In general, Pediaturization is mainly used to represent small and distinguish meanings from parts of speech. Erhua is one of the main common features of northern dialects. Although scholars have done a lot of in-depth research on the phenomenon of a dialect, but the overall study of the Northern dialect is rare. So the phenomenon of Pediaturization in Northern dialect is only the simple attachment of the characteristics of Pediaturization on the original syllable? Are there similarities or differences between different dialects? This paper will discuss these two problems by means of phonology. The theory of optimal selection is a linguistic theory that originated in the early 1990s. Its main point is that grammar is a system of conflicting constraints. The theory of optimal selection has been widely used in phonological studies since its birth, and many scholars have used it to study the phenomenon of Pediatrics in Chinese. In this paper, we study the different types of catechism in northern dialects by using the ranking of optimal selection constraints. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the background information, including the definition of Erhua and the Chinese syllable structure. The analysis of Pediaturization in this paper is based on the view of "er" as a feature, not a syllable. The research object of this paper is also put forward in this chapter. The second chapter is a literature review, the detailed introduction of different types of research on the conversion, involving the various fields of research and different research methods, so as to put forward the research objectives and significance of this paper. The third chapter is the introduction of the main analysis method. This paper will use the excellent theory of selection in contemporary linguistics to analyze the phenomenon of Peditization in Northern dialects in order to provide a new angle for the study of the phenomenon of Pediatrics in Northern dialects. The disadvantages of other linguistic research methods are also mentioned in this chapter. The fourth chapter shows the phenomenon of Peditization from the representative areas of eight northern dialects. The vowels and their corresponding forms in these dialects are listed and illustrated with examples. At the same time, each dialect point of the type of Pediaturization is also listed one by one. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the optimal selection of northern dialects. In this chapter, several restrictions are proposed, and the precedence of these constraints in different dialects is given. The sixth chapter is the summary of the full text. This chapter summarizes the common points and differences in the phenomenon of Peditization embodied in each dialect of the Northern dialect. The phenomenon of Pediatrics is not only realized by adding the characteristics of Pediatrics to the original vowels. Different vowels have different changes and forms after the transformation, and the same vowels are different between different dialect points. But we find that the Northern dialect is not completely unpredictable, but has certain regularity.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H172.1

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